GOOD START NEW SEASON NOT PRESENTED
Dear friends,
After many questions on the new season start due to the absence important people in the team, CB Xerixia begins a new phase with the presence of some Players who were already last season and are still eager as Munilla, Pastry, Valderrama, Pablo, Sergio, Gustavo, Reuben and Julian and the inclusion of youth as Rafa, Alberto, Cinito and Llorente.
also due to the absence of Antonio Soriano in the direction of the team, this work will be carried out by the sleeve which in turn joins the ranks as a player and so close the template for the beginning of time.
We have a big problem this year with the flag not know when it will complete the reform and we will make the first days play all out.
Nothing more, to encourage you to continue watching basketball in your Xerixia city and encouragement.
Tuesday, October 13, 2009
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Theoretical IV: Clinical IA 2009. Transfer
Freud speaks for first time transfer in The Interpretation of Dreams by this name designating the displacement of the elements of sleep Icc thoughts that make up the central element of wish-fulfillment on the day residue. Lacan compares this day remains, desinvestidos themselves of desire, with an alphabet, shapes deprived of its own right and through which meaning comes to expression. Transfer the spring with an established inter-tie between the analyst and the analysand is equivalent to a symbolic dimension to the instance of the letter in its two variants: connection and replacement in the incidence the signifier of meaning.
Studies on Hysteria, has a "suspicion" that something important occurs between patient and doctor, which explains the effectiveness of the analyst's interventions on the symptoms. In his autobiography, tells his resignation to hypnosis, from a patient, leaving the hypnotic sleep, threw her arms around his neck and only the random appearance of a maid, prevented a "plight." What Freud
suspected in their first outings on the treatment of neurosis? What bad situation was averted by the appearance of the maid? Freud
understand the influence exercised over their patients, but also felt the same way he became involved in treatment.
In Observations on transference love, Freud the analyst warning about the danger of being scorched in the fire of love and insists on considering the realization of the love of transfer, namely, the assent to the requirement to pass the act of loving analysand , as excluding the analytical process. But beware: he said this, Freud reveals that transference love is real, true love, if you have differences with the current love life, and if it is inevitable that in the analytic relationship, the love affair between patient analyst is a possibility. If given course, he says, is interrupted the possibility of analysis. So it does not say that it is forbidden to love the analyst in the analysis, said that if that happens, stop the analysis. In addition, alerts about this love which the patient goes to his analyst, not in relation to the analyst, with its real attributes, with their "gifts" ... but in relation to the analytic situation.
consider Lacan insists that the transfer in different registers: real, symbolic and imaginary, and to theorize about it only from the imaginary register, has led analysts to driving wrong way analysis and fall into the trap of the slope of the speech that operates including the analyst as the other ego of the analysand.
The relationship that occurs in the analysis is a dual phenomenon, a yo yo. That is the suggestion, or operating indoctrinating analysis. In the analytic situation there are three elements: analysand, analyst and speech. If the transfer is effective, says Lacan is both speech act.
is true that the transfer is a knot of contradictions from the teaching of Lacan: Icc opening, enactment of the sexual reality of it, provided the interpretation, and at the same time, resistance, closure of Icc. While transference love is love authentic self reveals the extent of deception of all love. If it is conditioned by a permanent basis in which the subject has built its objects, is also a current phenomenon.
For analysts, and from the origins of psychoanalysis, ie, including Freud himself, the appearance of the transfer is still subject to surprise, embarrassment, enigma. It follows that the theory that the analyst has about the transfer and handling of it makes are critical to the conduct of the priest and his termination.
1 - Transfer from RSI
First, Lacan insists since its first seminar to take a full transfer from empirical pointing to his ambiguous and involved simultaneously in several registers: the symbolic, imaginary and real.
The symbolic transfer, it overlaps with the speech act. Each time a man talks to another so authentic and complete, there are, within the meaning of the term, symbolic transfer, something happens that changes the nature of the two beings that are present. Two aspects of the symbolic dimension come into play in the transfer: the time factor and the notions of displacement and replacement.
transfer occurs between the Other and the self such as Lacan puts in Schedule L and to the extent that the ego of the analyst, was eclipsed another level. The ego of the subject learns to stand according to the fundamental discourse of the Other. The analysis reveals the subject a meaning that is a function of the word from the Other.
In the analysis of the young homosexual, when she dreams she wants to marry and have children, Freud emphasizes the transference dimension of these dreams are meant to like. But rather than denounce as a lie and thus reinforce their imaginary consistency, we must recognize that the scale of deception lies the analyst as symbolic place of articulation, linked to the father, before it has assumed the subject property. The statement "I lie," the analyst says, "tell the truth in your statement." Conversely, in the Dora case, Freud gives a symbolic place Dora's relationship with Mr. K, when in fact it represents the ego of Dora and the place is symbolic K.
2 - The subject supposed to know:
From Seminar XI, Lacan adds to the symbolic transfer, the role of the subject supposed to know. From the seminar and download the reference is essential to come to know and even the reference to the assumption of knowledge. Like Socrates, the analyst is questioned as one who knows and is "in the very place where we supposed to know we are called to be and be nothing more than the real presence is just as ICC." The analyst's desire is the place to be offered vacant patient's desire to be done in the Other's desire.
In 1961, the seminar identification, Lacan states that pose a subject knowledge is unseemly, and would lead to the Hegelian absolute knowledge. (1) Lacan denounces the lure Hegel, to the extent that masks the meaning of cogito, birth of the modern subject without which psychoanalysis would not have existed and that is the subject on which it operates. After a thorough work on the Cartesian cogito, which here takes the side of the transparent subject of consciousness itself, highlights timely and evanescent nature. Is the word of a he, not a thought which states, therefore, is a divided self and I think, identical to a "he did not know" sleep of the dead father, that is: you can only designate a third person. The cogito is the reverse of the subject of Icc. And the God of Descartes stands as the foundation of One
At the same time, defines the subject as represented by a signifier for another signifier and waiver to give the Gold the qualification of the subject. The Other is not a subject, but a place to which one strives to transfer knowledge of the subject. Involves holding means into a subject which is supposed to know.
Two subjects, then: a split subject, related to the cogito, and the subject who is supposed to know, heir to the Other as subject.
In 1964, the four concepts, Lacan and has differentiated the Other and the subject, which changes the interpretation of the cogito. Lacan close ties between Descartes and Hegel critical value attributed to the fact that Descartes assume a God guarantor of eternal truths. Stresses the separator character (2) of this God, who treats the subject who is supposed to know. A separation from the object cause of desire is what is lacking in the Other, circumscribed by the separation operation.
Now, we understand why the transfer can be related to the subject supposed to know. Desire is the issue to God (His will to ensure the truth) and also for Descartes, motivated by the desire of certainty, to distinguish truth from falsehood.
The transfer may be related to the SSS as both are part of a deception problem: Fiction methodology of the evil genius in the Meditations and metaphysical hypothesis of God deceiver, Descartes rejects.
The analyst's desire can be circumvented by the transfer of the analysand, the subject supposed to know God, not misleading, illusory form that replaces the deceiver God can be deceived. Marivaux, whose works are a progression toward the confession, shows that love is presented as an "I know that I love."
The subject supposed to know da reason the transfer does not depend on the analyst or the analysand's but a ternary constituent, supplementary to both its partners. On the other hand, the SSS indicates which way the end of this analysis as a significant challenge. In this way they articulated the link between the transfer and questioning and the emergence of the analyst's desire to end the analysis. Finally, and this also involved the knotting that occurs at the end of analysis to personal healing and what is at stake beyond, the SSS is the name of what psychoanalysis owes to science, which stems from true division (guaranteed by God) and know that Descartes reveals. By trusting God for the task of ensuring the truth eternal, Descartes inaugurated a science in which God has nothing to do. And science can only progress through the accumulation of knowledge without the hindrance of the foundations of truth. There foreclosure of the truth as cause. And the truth is no return while the rejected return: real returns in the enjoyment of the symptom that justifies psychoanalysis and explains why the subject on which we operate is the subject of science.
In 1967, Proposition nine in October for school psychoanalyst, Lacan presents an algorithm for SSS.
S is the signifier of the transfer (may be the proper name of the analyst). In the final analysis the analyst to come, it will occupy for other the place of S, is willing to reduce it and your name to any significant price to pay for his wish. The s under the bar, his-on, is the subject that is of significant representation. Adjoins of knowledge, consisting of the significant from the ICC. juxtaposed, not linked together. (Numbers as an exponent and not as an index).
The advent of a significant articulation, the clearance of the bar during a step S1 ---- S2, not known, brings significant decomposition of the transfer and a significant reduction to anyone, that is another step . As for the significant
transfer, the SSS is a constituent ternary takes its place in the discourse between analyst and analysand.
Since 1964, the SSS is the axis around which the issue of transfer until the Dissolution seminar in 1981. Like any significant
SSS carries a misconception that lends itself to changes of direction and allows therefore an investment in the subject's position in the transfer, thus allowing to think from the beginning, at one end of it. The verb know can be transitive or intransitive (3). The dual polarity implies the existence of a split subject, latent at this stage, but over time, can be generated by the analytic act.
In its subsequent seminars, Lacan comes to variation interpretation, based on this wrong and after 1969 (after having given the name of knowing S2) favors the interpretation of the intransitive verb to know.
also said that subject of course is a tautology because the subject can not be more than the case, as below. Subject say there is nothing to say that there is a hypothesis.
So, what is the course on the subject which is supposed to know? It assumes a knowledge of a subject, while of course. The SSS and the subject of the ICC are both powers, assumptions, things underneath. Resemble as Consciousness and CHF in a mistake: une bevúe, Unbewuste. Fiction is the only sense that we have for this consciousness, which so closely resembles the ICC. SSS
coating by the subject of Icc is evoked in Lacan's intervention in debate on the pass in 1978: "to become an analyst, you must be really crazy, mainly by Freud, ie believe in that thing absolutely crazy that we call the Icc and I tried to translate the subject supposed to know. "
The SSS significant grammatical mistake apparently corresponds to the coating of the subject of Isc by the SSS. There is a logical time they are indistinguishable, if the ICC is knowledge, if knowledge is a significant connection, if the signifier represents the subject for another signifier and the subject is by definition course, does not differ logically from the SSS. One of them is indeed a divided subject, represented and the other a subject course. But: Is not there a time when the subject is of course divided? The question which arises is related to the end of the transfer. The meeting this differentiation did not carry the risk of which the patient extend the love of love for his transfer Icc, making it impossible for the end of analysis? Lacan
answers this question by saying that for the first time in history, we can refuse to love our holding Icc bet the real (of erre, wandering).
To overcome the lack of differentiation of the SSS need a third term: the reality of sexual difference. The reality of sex is not as true back in the symptom since this same truth was thrown on the SSS by Descartes is it that allows the transfer does not lead to anything but not identifying the SSS, even under the mask the subject of the ICC?
3 - What is real in the transference:
We have to come back here at the beginning of the teaching of Lacan, to evoke the analyst's presence, since in Seminar 1, attempts to explain the relationship between resistance and transfer. There
, Lacan locates the moment of resistance as the closest approach of the speech to the confession of the truth of being. Approach that involves reaching to the point where the word is impossible, since there is no possibility of symbolism to articulate the core real pathogen.
The speech turns, then, says Lacan and decision support in the other, which makes Freud says it is at times that associations stop, when there is transfer, so that we can be sure that the patient is thinking something related to the analyst. Lacan points out that at the time it is also common on the patient says, suddenly I realize his presence. The speech, to cast off there, to find its limit (resistance of speech to the confession of the truth of the subject) and take turns supporting the other, the analyst. Mediating function of the word, which involves making another in the mediation itself. Lacan warns that it is in these moments when the analyst can fall into the trap and respond from the place assigned: the other of the self of the analysand.
So said several interventions by different analysts, such as dual-level interventions: a yo yo. Lacan makes the question then is: How do we intervene at the level of discourse?
The question is how at one point, leaning over the other, the mysterious feeling of presence. May be integrated with that of which Freud speaks in the dynamics of the transfer, ie, all the previous structures, not only love life the subject, but their organization in the world.
Lacan illustrates this point by recalling a response from someone who controlled their cases with him, I took as a witness.
Soon after, he says, will the seduction and later, the attempt to grasp the other in a game where the word takes on a more symbolic, a deeper drive satisfaction. In the end, the word is totally disrupts their role in the transfer phenomena and the subject is completely free, does what he comes forward.
The seminar concludes with the transfer Ideal distinction between self and object a and places the analyst's desire in terms of a duel around the object a.
This outline is taken up in the four concepts. Previously, Lacan puts forward the contribution of the object in the analysand synchronous relationship with the analyst, as he had left to his analysands the place of partial object. (Seminar anxiety) for the resolution of impasses in the final analysis of Freud speaking in Analysis terminable and interminable: penis envy in women and the repudiation of the passive or feminine in men.
The conception of the analyst, based partial object, the object prefigures a representative of the representation of his analyst, Lacan is the later. (The atolondradicho) The purpose of situating structural coordinates of transference love in present truth, not reducible to a past relationship, love is to give what you do not. (Sem. anxiety)
The purpose of the analysis described by Freud is exceeded as it relates only to the imaginary castration, linked to the negativity of the phallic image in the mirror and does not take into account the role of this object level (the phallic lack of) to take the place of a lack of enjoyment in the Other, to bridge the hiancia between desire and enjoyment. This makes hiancia prefer the term Lacan desire castration threat of castration. If desire is a limit to the enjoyment, the desire for castration is known desire suspended Another order to limit the enjoyment. (Sem X)
At the end of the four concepts, precisely the way Lacan conceive the management of transfer and final analysis. Stresses the paradox that is to say that the transfer is a resistance that disrupts communication from the ICC. (Partnerships are exhausted to notice the analyst) and at the same time is the time when the analyst's interpretation, pointing to the ICC. You can purchase your reach or strength. This shows that the transfer is a knot.
The subject, as submitted to the desire of the analyst, wants to circumvent this subject suggesting that false love is essential. The transfer is not the shadow of something previously experienced, or old deceptions of love, isolation in pure current operation of deception regarding the lack of significant in Otro.No is both true love and the truth of love. The deception lies the truth in the place of others and love behind the affirmation of the link transfer is the desire of the analyst with the patient's desire, in place of the Other. Wanting to be kind, the subject gives the analyst the place of the Other as the Ideal of the self, as a distinctive feature from which the subject can be viewed as friendly.
The analyst's silence on this point raises the size of the gap, the missing object of desire, to know what is missing from the subject and which loves the other, he is willing to give the other, but also the lack in the Other that the subject attempts to fill with the object of his desire or demand.
transfer maneuver has to be regulated accordingly: not enough that the analyst serves as a contribution to the role of Tiresias. It is also necessary, says Apollinaire (5), having boobs. I mean, switching and transfer operation must be regulated so as to maintain the distance between where the subject is himself kind and that other point where the subject is caused by the failure to object to and where the object is to cover the hiancia which is the inaugural division of the subject. This implies a physical presence and a bra on the side of the object what later will face the analyst as the object a.
not enough that the analyst be subject which is supposed to know how Tiresias, objects need to take a. The distance between them is the spring of analysis.
While in hypnosis, according to the outline of Freud's Mass Psychology there is confusion between the ideal of self and object, the mainspring of the operation is to maintain analytical distance between I and a. The analyst must abandon the idealization to provide support in order to separate, to the extent allowed her desire, through hypnosis, conversely, incarnated the hypnotized. (Sem XI)
As demand for love, the transfer takes demand identification (primary bond of love) and the power of suggestion but, as this demand is tied to the desire of the analyst (enigmatic) and not to the counter, it is possible to cross the level of identification with the analyst mainly. This brings the experience of the subject, the level at which you can presentificated, the reality of the ICC, the drive.
Therefore, the paradox of resistance and transference as a condition of interpretation expresses nodal function to supply any identification with the problem of connecting the subject's desire with the desire of the Other. There is deception of love for transfers and that, without knowing the subject, try grasp the object cause of desire in the analyst's desire. But this desire is also a condition of exceeding the level of demand for love, to reach the drive, after crossing the phantom radical.
4 - Contributions of Lacan to the issue of transfer
We place here, the contributions of Lacan to the issue of transfer contributions allowed out of the impasses in which Freud aground.
• In principle, already have raised their three: RSI, to think what happens in an analysis allows us to distinguish the imaginary transfer as a phenomenon that is in any relationship with others, from the role that becomes the image of another in the establishment of self-system, which is referenced to the other. From here, the support took the other to continue the discourse, we see that the love affair that occurs in the transfer depends on the way in which matches the object and the ego ideal, which leads to the idealization and identification of analysand with the analyst.
• But according to Lacan performs analysis of love from Plato's Symposium, which Lacan leads us to find the truth of love: that is, the function of desire in love. Therefore, the transfer is in a border of desire and love. The love of transfer must be coordinated so the desire of the Other, in this case, the desire analyst, for which fits.
• Another fundamental contribution of Lacan: the desire of the analyst. Where their contemporaries were wrecked in the countertransference, Lacan introduces the subjective disparity leaves a residue so phallic. Transference love is love demand, demand that the analyst's where he is loved by the analysand, they become lovers. However, the position of the object situated lover as the other desired is an object of desire, not a subject is desire and lack of grace. By refusing, like Socrates with Alcibiades, the metaphor of love that would erase the disparity of functions, the desire of the analyst allows the analysand's transference love face the lack of object of desire. By becoming himself a lover, desiring, not that for which the patient is believed loved, but an object that does not confess, the analyst makes access to the truth of his desire as the desire to desire, desire of the analyst's desire , to the extent that the analyst is desiring him closer to his lack fundamental.Esto makes Socrates by referring to the function of the inherent lack of desire and the designation of Alcibiades, which asks the object of his confession ( Socrates') desire, the object of desire (from Alcibiades) imaginatively incarnated by Agathon. Lacan definitely reversed the direction of the transfer, by making it dependent in its meaning and its result (namely reveal the subject the object of his desire from the demand for love) the desire of the analyst. It is from the place of desire analyst questioning where you can transfer, as this desire advents a true sense of the transference of the analysand. Let us note that the term "analyst's desire" supplants the countertransference. Disparity is due to hindering the inter-subjective (in the sense that a subject would be another subject) involved in the concept of countertransference. This transfer is part of the tools that the analyst's desire to enter the coordinates of desire and the role of enigma.
• The issue of transfer in certain coronation 1964 from Lacan's an unprecedented response to ten years of reflection. If Freud's research culminated in 1914 in remembrance and transfer disjunction between past and present in the repetition and action, however the purpose for which it was for the analysis was to win the recall on the transfer. It was in 1920 when Freud notes the impossibility of reducing to one another: These two tracks are irreducible. Writes about the subject again: "The essential thing is slipping, is forced to relive the events in this repressed and not remember." Lacan takes up this issue as it is, questioning the possibility of building a total satisfaction demand for recognition of the past by the complete exhaustion of it as symbolic. In Seminar XI, like Freud, taken from inside his previous answer when he stated that no, the transfer is not only a demand for recognition of past unrealized unrecognized transference is not only the symbolic aspects which takes place whenever a man speaks authentically and fully to another. Analytic experience reveals another specificity of the phenomenon, due to the presence of the analyst, real presence. From there, the difference between the Wiederholung (symbolic) and agieren, that has to do with the drive, the lack Trieb come where the symbolic. This agieren is that by which the transfer is not a repetition of the identical, but new creation. Enter the transfer tyché automaton and clarifies the confusion between transference and repetition. In amalgam Freud had his reasons as he addressed the replay on the side of the transfer. The transfer involves two aspects: one is linked to the feeling of the analyst's presence, which closes the Icc. The emergence of this presence is tyché side. On the other hand, is also allowing direct demand and deploy a word in the place of the Other, is the automaton. Furthermore, the analyst us playing any game, and what failed sex, the impossibility of sexual relationship, which gives the character transfer to create an unprecedented tie. The analyst makes an Icc formation of the analysand, but not as a person but as a signifier any analysand chain. But also involved in the transfer as the subject goes further demand. This automatic transfer is correlated to the opening of the ICC, of \u200b\u200bfree association where all said at random, simultaneously governed by the laws of succession of the string and the symbolic repetition. This aspect is the engine of analysis. The fecundity of the notion of Tyche in relation to the transfer, would block the issue of actually present there. Lacan says that it can not be disentangled from the real function of the repetition. The tyché, as an encounter with reality is noted in the analytic experience the feeling of the analyst's presence. distressing moment of the presence of the object, characteristic of the slope of the transfer resistance as Lacan points out the end of ICC. Unless the comments relating to the analyst that follow this closely, but the index is not an attempt to mask the real encounter with the analyst in the place of the object, the object cause of desire. The tyché in the transfer function is awakening to the subject in regard to the dimension it generates instinctual. Irrefutable reality of the encounter, however, the automaton always tries to sift, is the drive. The Trieb is what comes to be located in the place of the meeting failed and he touches the subject in his living condition sexed. The strategy of the neurotic in the transfer is to use the automaton to avoid tyché. It converts the meeting in love not knowing anything about what is causing your desire not to know anything real agalma found in the analyst. Freu put his hand to a metaphor to explain the transference love "is like a comedy had been suddenly interrupted by a real event, for example, when a fire burns during a performance theater. " In the artifice of love, there is therefore a reality that makes this a real masters encentro: Eutychia here. To be more precise, this model, there really cliché but from a real, real is not printed. The logic of practice that is subject to Lacan raises this point of truth: the scansion, shortening the time of the session, the analytic act has no aspiration to this tyché purpose of waking life to bring the demand narcissism love for the masking of the drive to increase each session to the dignity of an encounter with reality.
• From Lacan's work clearing work done on the object, differentiating object of desire, the object cause of desire, love object, partial object of the drive with his invention: the object, that object which is not clueless, therefore Unrepresentable not especularizable, ie: not image, as a condition that the lost object: An object that highlights the gap, therefore no positivized, the object of which we only substitutes in the heart, eyes, voice and feces presentifica object that void, the remainder testimony that between the subject and there is another common measure, we put what the function of this invention to the question about the transfer. The object is a cut that fits the subject's body through a function edge. Empty place that the drive structure, does pass the object to the lack of missing object instead of the object as needed. The radical instituting structural failure, brings with it significant implications for other concepts of psychoanalysis: Icc emerges as failure, manifested as trasnferencia cap from the ICC, the drive circuit hacesino not outline the purpose and satisfied with it , repetition, finally, is also affected by this object that calls back into the real cause. The analyst
• converge the different modes of object: object identification, object of love, part of the drive object, object desire and finally, the object cause of desire. Have named the analyst's desire as the operator of psychoanalysis, places the way in which Lacan circumvents the inability to truly sustain a praxis, which left the post-Freudian analysts in the exercise of power: power of suggestion, indoctrination power, power of a strong ego on the ego weak analysis. Power of the hypnotist, which Freud had already resigned. If the analyst directs the cure, is the desire of the analyst who works in psychoanalysis. Therefore there is no therapeutic alliance or reciprocal analysis. Nor is there any counter: "The transfer is a phenomenon where the subject and the analyst are included together. Divide in terms of transference and countertransference is never anything other than that of the study in question "(Sem XI). What OS is the very fiber of the analyst's desire, even when made of "dead" (clarified regards the place of death in the game of bridge, which is the one who does not gamble, but shows his cards, so that the play partner). The object of that desire is not your personal enjoyment, nor is it the desire to be an analyst: it is your desire to analysis, ordered according to the order of desire, and enforceability of the truth of the subject, one one. This emphasis on the analyst's action echoes the idea that psychoanalysis has played a role in directing of modern subjectivity. (Function and field of speech and language)
• In addition, Lacan introduces the role of knowledge linked to love, you love who is supposed to know, as well as hate, when hate: desupongo knowledge, making ignorance as one of the passions might unfold in the analytic situation. Love, hate and ignorance allow Lacan introduced the role of the assumption on the transfer. Assume knowledge, assume the subject and thus build the SSS.
• We must emphasize here that Lacan makes theorizing about the end of analysis, which as we said, can exceed the Freudian impasse. Lacan in 1967 reached a conclusion: "The term of the analysis is the fall of the SSS and its reduction to the advent of that object as a cause of division of the subject, takes his place" (Sem psychoanalytic Act).
• If already in the Seminar 1, lacan raised the efficiency of the analysis from speech act, we see that at this time, Lacan takes the pivot of the analysis to measure analytical, not without being warned how resistance Analysts should in principle to the horror caused by their act. There is no doubt an act of the analyst to the point where he can feel shame. In that event, the analyst denies it, deny it, deny it. This action thus far that goes to the heart of being an ethical behavior, far from being a supplement to the soul, constitutes the core of his being. To say that the analyst is authorized by itself (Proposition) does not mean abandoning the arbitrary but put it in front of his act, which can not claim any authority "heteronomous." There is no act more real than this, except love and contrasts with the transfer of the analysand's enactment of the ICC. The psychoanalytic act coincides with the symbolic efficiency. Thus, the psychoanalytic act is nothing but the enactment of the ICC. It radicalized the idea that the beginning is the act and / or the verb, which establishes the timing of analytical act, while the transfer is a relationship fundamentally linked to weather and handling. (Position of the ICC)
• In 1967, Lacan gives analysts a device of its School: the pass through which we try to question the way in which occurs the advent of the analyst from an analysis and also hear what has someone who has had the experience of the removal of the SSS and the reduction of a waste analyst to want to occupy that place for others. In Atolondradicho, Lacan, lists three knowledge that the SSS in the final analysis adquriría:
-on the consequences of non-sexual relationship,
-about the seriousness of the comic,
-on insult as first and last word of dialogue and the specter of doom.
in 1965 said that there is always the sign indicating that it is knowledge and further, that the psychoanalyst to be introduced as a subject which is supposed to know in turn supports the status of the symptom. Taking the example of presentation of patients, believes that the presenter is responsible for half of the symptom and adds the symptom is necessary that we define it as something to be said, as a knowledge already there, a guy who knows this concerned, but do not know what it is. In 1969, goes further and speaks of the coalescence of the structure with the guy you are supposed to know. This coalescence means that it is the neurotic analysand before analysis. According to Lacan preexistiría transfer at the beginning of the analysis and would be much more intricate in neurosis in Freud.
• There are figures in the various neuroses, which involve the assumption: the hysterical woman, who knows what it takes to the enjoyment of man. In the obsessive, the Master, who knows what she wants. Both refuse to be taken by them (the hysterical woman, the obsessive love). It is the analyst who must practice a cut between the ICC and the SSS structure, which naturally made the neurotic analysand because it is now itself same and foremost the transfer. We must rid this assumption that they no longer embody this truth. It is therefore necessary that the SSS has been already there in the structure of the subject so that the analysis begins and eventually gives rise to a knowledge that can be recognized as having already there. This notion is new also with regard to Freud. Thus no longer can think in a different destination of the transfer and neurotic structure. The output of the neurosis depends on the solution given to the transfer. An unresolved transference neurosis is resolved. This also affects the demand for analysis. What determines it? It is known that there is not a symptom bearer of joy, to produce demand analysis is necessary to have taken place some loss of equilibrium with the symptom. It often occurs at the point at which the subject does not know what belongs to him or another in the determination of his desire. That is, what can precipitate a demand for analysis is a grain of sand on the SSS.
• These fall to the ground theorizing make any attempt to bring psychoanalysis to a medical or psychological treatment (psychotherapy). There is something that occurs in the subject about the relationship to knowledge, something that breaks on the SSS was already in the history of the subject, who has to make the demand for analysis. While Lacan said that psychoanalysis is a bias practical to feel better, there is no cure, in the sense of restoring a previous state in the analysis. There it a cure, but here in the sense of a relationship with the self, as suggested by Foucault regarding "self care" Greek. The analysis is a change of address and this changes the position of the subject. But also, the analysis is a know-how: know-how with that symptom, namely unravel, operate, namely, this is something that corresponds to what man does with his image "(06/11/1976) . The seminar
L'inputs, Lacan argues that the mistake is correlative to a know-how. (Is working with the knots and speeches and tells it to discuss their mistakes in writing and manipulation of joints). Speeches and knots, Lacan says do not take the thing and in particular the Icc (a vewusste, joins bevue) concept. It seems to be the way to go out of the coalescence between the structure and the SS, ie, where cause dehiscence between them and the possibility of a change of address.
• The following year, in time of completion, Lacan makes a final observation on the analysis that tune very well with the practice: "The final analysis is when it's turned round twice, ie when it has become find that what is a prisoner. Begin twice turning around, it is clear that necessary. Just to see what is what is captive and the ICC is this: is the real face of what what one is caught. "We can see that at no point is neither the disappearance of the symptom, not the return to a previous state, or even a modification to what sick: language. This is the analysis of a change from the subjective position, which allows to separate the tangle, know-how, savoir faire and, knowing deal with ... ...
• There is real then drop the SSS, to link knowledge with doing, to be allowed a do with this knowledge that as decía, en el atolondradicho se adquiere al final del análisis: saber sobre las consecuencias del no hay (relación sexual), saber sobre la seriedad de lo cómico y saber sobre la primera y la última palabra.
Para Lacan hay entonces curación, que sobreviene por añadidura. Es decir, que no es el objetivo del analista cuando conduce una cura: diferencia con el deseo de todo aquel que se instale en el campo de la salud para realizar su práctica, sea médico o psicólogo. El deseo del analista, diferenciado del deseo de tal o cual analista, es el de obtener la diferencia radical. ¿Y que es una diferencia radical? No hay ninguna conciliación de los contrarios, no hay relación entre los sexos, no hay no harmonic synthesis to be performed, no difference. For Lacan, the healing advents to meet the person the truth of his desire.
Notes:
1 - Hegel's philosophy is based on the relationship between the two fundamental concepts of previous philosophy: Nature (in Greek philosophy) and the Spirit (Christian philosophy, from Descartes in modern philosophy). Hegel seeks internal drive and the connection between Nature and Spirit, so as to enable a unitary theory, and closed on total reality in its entirety. Knowledge and structurally, is the subject-object, so that each moments of this relationship is only benefit or consideration of others. But with the peculiarity that each denies and contradicts the other, giving each inequality and imbalance (which would be final and can not insurmountable full truth), inequality imposes a transformation process which tends to equality or identity. * The process to overcome the difference between object and subject tends to the identity of both. That is, it tends to reduce one another. Only total identity is achieved in the total reduction is possible to achieve a total and absolute knowledge, ie knowledge that knows all of the real. Hegel, seeks to a system of philosophy to reach an absolute knowledge. Only a full understanding and know all they wholly deserved, according to Hegel, the name of true knowledge (he calls it science.) Dialectical knowledge is absolute knowledge, and not only because it gets to know the whole of reality, but also because they know each particular situation "in relation to the whole and as being a time at all." So just based on knowledge or absolute knowledge and meaning becomes valid each provisional knowledge, relative and partial. Dialectical knowledge is therefore an absolute knowledge. This epistemological thesis is closely connected with the ontological thesis that is the whole truth.
2 - Separated mean that this God is a product of the complete separation of alienation in the relationship between subject and Other. God is an infinite without any common measure with the man.
3 - Pierre Carlet Marivaux Chamblain (Paris, February 4, 1688 - February 12, 1763) was a French novelist. He became famous for its love affair parts and gallant, as the game of love and chance, or the double volatility, which is not lacking in social and moral criticism. A delicious and fun text and playful love tangles as the main theme. Games of Love and Chance is a work of masters and servants to share their roles in an ironic play of mirrors and jeers: the gentlemen suffer the consequences of being bred and raised for a while enjoy the wonder of being gentlemen
4-transitive verbs require a complement (CD) to understand the enunciado.Los transitive verbs are those that require presence of a direct object (also called "direct snap") to have a full meaning, ie that refer to actions that travel from the actor to the object (see transitivity). An example of this category is: "I got two tickets to the opera." Here, the group consisting of "two tickets to the opera" is the direct object. The construction "I got ..." no sense in itself, and requires that you provide information about what you get. As a rule, transitive verbs are of the form "somebody does something to something. The CD's do not need intransitive intransitive, however, does not require the presence of a direct object that determines the verb. An example is the word crime, for example, the phrase "Jaime offender." This is an intransitive verb because it does not require specifying a direct object. On the other hand, the concept of "offending thing" has no meaning in language use English. verbs themselves are not transitive or intransitive, but are named according to their use. You may either use intransitive verbs as transitive, eg "Peter sing an opera. "transitive verbs as expressing the absence of a direct object, for example:" Leave it to the technician, he understands insurance. "Few intransitive verbs in Castilian as compared to languages \u200b\u200bwith a strong division between transitive verbs and intransitive. In general, Castilian has the self-reflective way is to denote intransitivity, for example, "broke", "has died", "will fall", etc..
5-The Breasts of Tiresias (Les Mamelles de Tiresias) is a play by Guillaume Apollinaire, premiered at the Teatro Renée-Maubel in Paris on June 24, 1917, directed by Pierre Albert-Birot and music by Germaine Albert-Birot. Serge was the Keco Férat. Max Jacob directed choirs.
The author was inspired by the myth of the Theban seer Tiresias to invest and upgrade of dyes provocative, feminist and anti-military. Tells the story of Teresa, who changes sex to gain power among men. Its aim is to alter the customs, rejecting the past and establish gender equality.
Sunday, May 24, 2009
My Period Starts In A Week And I Have Lots Of Cm
: Sources
Marité Colovini
1-The Freudian discovery:
As you can see, the proposed program in Unit I advanced in the sense of a heuristic [1], ie, a characterization Device inquiry by Freud.
's Dictionary of the Royal English Academy:
heuristic, ca.
(Del gr. Εὑρίσκειν, find, invent, and-tic).
1. adj. Of or pertaining to heuristics.
2. f. Technique of inquiry and discovery.
3. f. Find or research papers or historical sources.
4. f. In some sciences, how to find a solution to a problem by not rigorous methods, such as scoring, rules of thumb, etc.
words: How Freud, the product of a high-level training in research medical and neurological, became himself, the inventor of a mode of analytical research.
Freud biographies of key names evoke this path: Charcot, Breuer, Fliess.
with Charcot If we can place the way Freud is led to the clinical gaze, was the Front meeting clinical reality, embodied in and by the hysterical what Freud decides to act on hysteria through hypnosis in order to reveal their secret nature.
Charcot hypnosis had found the means to reproduce the experimental pathological state attesting to the pathogenesis of clinical status.
The box, the lesson of the Salpetriere, Brouillet by the painter and exhibited at the Salon of French artists of 1887 is somehow emblematic of a certain device report: there is the hysterical patient "asleep" in the arms of Babinski, Charcot's disciple and monitored by Mlle . Bottard, assistant Charcot. Blanche Wittmann, interned at the Salpetriere since 1877, is thrown back, while the teacher Charcot's pointing his finger and said the incident before a fascinated audience.
have here is the primal scene of the clinical presentation that will penetrate the founder of psychoanalysis.
The procedure there is evidence from work on magnetism in the eighteenth century (Mesmer, Puseguy) called Braidismo in the next century, from which Braid, a physician from Manchester, had enrolled in medical discourse, was imposed as a therapeutic resource. Charcot
understand in practice that hypnosis is a valuable access to a secret hysterical. What causes potassium bromide in epilepsy, hypnosis is produced in the hysteric, which confirms its profound difference.
Hypnosis ends the symptom: the paralytic, for example. Hypnosis becomes an aid to highlight the pathogenesis, ie, understanding the mechanism by which act the causes of the disease process.
Although Charcot's clinical genius shines in his Lectures on Tuesday (which Freud translated) having no inclination to psychological concepts, leaving his disciples the task of psicofilosofía constitute a sort of hysteria. Thus, Richter writes: Description of major hysterical attack and its main varieties, Janet: The psychological automatism.
Freud, in 1911, in a remarkable article on hysterical blindness [2] refer to the French psychological school: Charcot, Binet, Janet.
This was established to deal with criticism, stemming from strong arguments Hippolyte Bernheim, a doctor turned hypnosis after reading the pioneering work of Liebault: Dreams and the state analogs, 1866. In a decisive work, De la suggestion in the hypnotic state and the waking state, which would be representative of the School of Nancy, rejected the link between hysteria and hypnotizability, describing the laws of the normal physiological mechanism of suggestion.
The two streams met at the International Congress of 1889, when Freud was able to attend, and he did take a position in favor of the suggestion. In July 1889
meets Bernheim.
2-From Hypnosis to Psychoanalysis:
Braid discovered in 1841, that an individual who is it set his sights on a shiny object, located just below the forehead, falls into a dream to be known as hypnotic sleep or braídico. Braid
us back to the intuition of the Austrian physician Mesmer, who used 17776 from magnetism, the universal fluid as a therapeutic.
revisit it through the device of the famous magnetic cells produced its effects when applied to the body of the sick (including the hysterical), were linked through iron rods hanging over the liquid (water filled buckets , bottles resting on a mixture of ground glass and iron filings).
Puysegur, French disciple of Mesmer, was quick to establish that this fluid was nervous and not physical in studying sleepwalking.
Finally, Braid, took a decisive step to characterize hypnosis as a state of nervous system determined by artificial maneuvers caused by the concentration of the eye (mental and visual) in an object.
rightly points out that dream involves a loss of memory, so that the patient retains some memory of what happened during that dream, artificial, but effective.
or braidismo Hypnotism was known in France for work Azam, of Bordeaux, in 1859, in the form of a notice to the Company Surgery of Paris, before being re-discovered by Richer (1873) and practiced by Charcot from 1878.
But here's the Quiet Revolution by Liebault introduced by the text of 1866, ignored until he does know Bernheim (1883-1890) where hypnotism is conceived as a dream caused by suggestion. Considering the suggestion as the key braidismo, this means that there is no magnetic fluid, mesmerizing no physical action, but only mental action: the idea.
normal Suggestibility only enhances mental concentration sleep: hence to implement Liebault suggestive psychotherapy induced sleep. For the first time resorted to verbal suggestion to induce sleep and in some cases cured by the word.
This contrasts with the conception of Charcot, for whom as Bernheim said hypnotism was presented as an experimental neurosis likely to be caused in hysterics. Bernheim
enter
be for normal suggestibility in the waking state and suggesting appropriate therapy.
Thereafter, the phenomena of suggestion is not based on a magnetic state or a hypnotic state, nor an induced sleep, but are a function of a physiological property of the brain that may be caused during wakefulness: suggestibility.
Bernheim The theoretical basis of what he calls "ideodinamismo": "Every idea suggested tends to become act", ie, movement, action, feeling, emotion, organic act. Similarly, the idea also can neutralize an act to inhibit a movement, a feeling, an emotion, an image, a function.
This property is the foundation of the idea of \u200b\u200bpsychotherapy. Liberated from the superstitions, hypnotism gives way to a sort of mental causation is possible to put into action for therapeutic purposes.
must be emphasized here the importance School of Nancy (Liebault / Bernheim) as this, complement the School of the Salpetriere, will the creator of psychoanalysis in the way of a true theory of unconscious mental causation.
When you choose to translate also the greatest work of Bernheim, De la suggestion and its applications, from 1887, Freud became aware of the importance of the work on suggestion.
is the suggestion that reveals some psychic determinism, which would be triggered just by it.
Bernheim The objective was to demystify hypnosis looks like magic to proceedings related to laws of mental processes. But also allowed, to overcome the physiological explanation, making hypnosis a psychotherapeutic procedure.
The trip takes Nacy in 1889 because the sense of a shift in the Freudian: the same year that made the 1 st International Congress of experimental and therapeutic hypnosis.
The post-hypnotic suggestion, ie that the hypnotized subject is susceptible to remember, under an order of the hypnotist that was done during sleep, in an experimental translation of the action of latent memories, will allow find, as seen above, the first announcement of unconscious processes. Truth
Combined with this theoretical practical discovery: free associations relieved to techniques of suggestion to overcome them: at least Bernheim had raised the principle of mental accessibility of these latent state, induced by suggestion.
"I witnessed the amazing experiences of their patients Bernheim hospital and that is where I experienced the strongest impressions on the possibility of powerful mental processes which nevertheless remained hidden from the consciousness of men." [3]
In fact, Charcot remains the author of the original shock, to the extent that Freud felt "the formal envelope of the symptom." Bernheim's contribution will be to link the issue with the appearance of underlying mental causation.
Charcot, therefore, is impressive at the clinic itself, while Bernheim it is at the level of disclosure of these "powerful hidden mental processes." The reconcile psychoanalysis under an improvement that neither one nor the other had expected: the sexual etiology provides a basis for this synthesis between the rights of symptoms and processes.
Paradoxically, the contribution of concrete is Bernheim, Freud, while evaluating the limits of suggestion. In fact, suggestible that fails the patient to Freud takes Nancy to test the effects of the theory. But anyway, seen as gained the idea that hypnotic manifestations are psychological effects, effects of representations raised, intentionally or not, in the hypnotized "and not" a physiologically altered state of the nervous system caused by external excitations " as Charcot thought.
The demand for explanation is, henceforth, inherent need to hear: causes and phenomena are on, once and for all, inseparable from Freud's heuristic.
is a paradox that Freud, by abandoning hypnosis and relativize its importance, recognizing their importance in the history of the discovery of unconscious processes.
After recognizing the mechanism of suggestion, Freud is the unconscious, and opens the way for treatment of diseases of the ICC cathartic.
But in Breuer, catharsis was kept in the background as hypnosis. In contrast to Freud, became a specific procedure for exploration of the ICC. For this reason the practice without hypnosis and before transforming it into outright cure of language, and have waived intermediate maneuvers (apposition of hands on the patient's forehead.)
3-The therapeutic act: Freud with Breuer.
Charcot
But if Freud taught to see, Breuer taught him to act on the symptoms.
The cathartic method, thanks to the genius of Breuer, reveals the formation of symptoms by acting on it.
The very purpose of the therapeutic device: abreact stuck affection, suggests that this "object" action is needed.
becomes possible to act on the symptoms and simultaneously, this action is a demonstration of psychic determinism operating in symptom formation on which it acts: it is the considerable contribution and heuristic Breuer to Freud.
I think this is why Freud insists fatherhood Breuer attribute to psychoanalysis.
After an interrupted practice for ten years from 1892, Freud is concerned with developing his own method, as if, as Jones points out, his technique was refined and got rid of their aids.
precisely at the time participating in "A case of hypnotic cure a case of hysteria" (1887) is preparing to relocate to truth to hypnosis.
4 - therapy: Freud
text continues by explaining how hypnosis and altered left the cathartic method, for strictly "practice"
"He had found two serious shortcomings in the use of hypnotism, even as applied to the catharsis. First, the therapeutic results obtained were disappearing at the slightest disturbance of the personal relationship between doctor and patient. They came back indeed to appear once achieved reconciliation, but it proved so affective-personal relationship factor was impossible to master, more powerful than cathartic work. also came a day that was given to me to prove something he suspected for a long time and ago. One of my patients more docile, with which he had obtained through hypnosis the most favorable results, surprised me one day that he had made a painful access free it by referring to its initial cause, throwing her arms around his neck to awaken from the hypnotic sleep. A maid knocked on the door at that time prevented us from a painful explanation, but since that day we give, by tacit agreement, the continuation of hypnotic treatment. Modest enough not to attribute the incident to my personal attractions, I assumed he had discovered the nature of the mystical element acting behind hypnotism. To suppress or at least isolate had to leave the hypnotic procedure. "
"abandoned hypnotism, but the change of tactics brought a change in appearance of the work cathartic. Hypnotism had covered a set of forces that are evident now and whose discovery gave the theory a very firm base.
What could be the cause of the patients had forgotten many facts of his life inside and outside and could, however, remember when they applied the technique described above? The observation response to this question was more than enough. Everything had been painful forgotten for any reason for the subject being considered by the aspirations of his personality as frightening, painful or embarrassed. There was thus think that was just such characters to have forgotten, that is, not having been aware. To make them aware of new rule was necessary in the patient something that rebelled against it, well the doctor imposed strain. This effort varied greatly depending on the case, growing in direct proportion to the severity of the forgotten, and was the measure of the resistance of the patient. Thus arose the theory of repression. "
And we then the Freudian discovery of the unconscious. This material painful forgotten psychic apparatus did not disappear disappear from consciousness, remained in an unconscious state, but from there pursued his effectiveness in the genesis of neurotic symptoms. We can say that Freud believes that there is a subject of symptoms, although the patient in terms of conscious self knows nothing of it.
"The theory of repression was the primary basis for the understanding of neurosis and imposed a modification of the therapeutic work. Its purpose was no longer to return to normal roads affects misled by a false path, but to discover the repression and remove them with a view to accept or condemn definitely excluded by the repression. In compliance with this new state of affairs, say the research method and resulting healing name of psychoanalysis in place of catharsis. "
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..
" For psychoanalysis everything is, at first unconscious, and the quality of consciousness can be added later, or missing at all. These statements have encountered opposition from the philosophers, for which the conscious and psyche are one thing, it is inconceivable the existence of the psychic unconscious. Psychoanalysis was therefore to come forward without dealing with the idiosyncrasies of philosophers, based on observations in pathological material completely ignored by his detractors and those relating to frequency and pulse power which knows nothing about the subject itself, which is forced to deductible as any other event outside world. "
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
" The theories of resistance and repression of unconscious etiological significance of sexual life and the importance of childhood events are the main elements of psychoanalytic theory building. "
So here is my attempt to go to these quotes and words of Freud himself the answer to what psychoanalysis is.
I would add the same text, a paragraph on the difference that Freud said about the formation of a psychoanalyst and also the conclusion to which Freud comes to the end of the text on what psychoanalysis is.
"Actually, the doctor who has not made a special study is also, despite its title, a layman with respect to psychoanalysis and non-medical person can carry out perfectly, by preparing analytical and in some cases assisted by a doctor, the analytical treatment of the neuroses.
By one of those developments against which resistance is futile result has come to integrate various ways the word "psychoanalysis." Originally it was not the name of a particular therapeutic method, but has now evolved into the name of science, science of the psychic unconscious. This science is not generally suitable to solve a problem alone, but it seems called to offer the most diverse scientific disciplines very important contributions. The scope of psychoanalysis is as wide as that of psychology, which adds an important complement to reach. "
Well, we have enough material to discuss, so I propose that we start from here the discussion of themes.
Notes and bibliography:
[1] Heuristic
From Wikipedia, the
free encyclopedia
heuristic is called the capacity of a system for performing an immediate positive developments to their ends. The heuristic is a characteristic of humans, from whose point of view can be described as the art and science discovery and invention or to solve problems using creativity and lateral thinking or divergent thinking.
The etymology of heuristics is the same as the word eureka, whose exclamation attributed to Archimedes in an episode as famous as apocryphal. The word heuristic appears in more than a grammatical category. When used as a noun, it identifies the art or science of discovery, a discipline likely to be formally investigated. When it appears as an adjective, refers to concrete things, such as heuristics, rules of thumb or heuristics syllogisms and conclusions. Of course, these two uses are closely related and usually suggests that the heuristic heuristics that guide the discovery.
The popularization of the concept should be the mathematician George Polya, in his book How to Solve It (How to solve it). Having studied many mathematical proofs from his youth, wanted to know how mathematicians come to them. The book contains recipes kind of heuristics that sought to teach students math. Four examples drawn from it illustrate the concept better than any definition:
* If you can not understand a problem, draw a diagram.
* If you find a solution, just as if the HAD and see what can you infer from it (backward reasoning).
* If the problem is abstract, try examining a concrete example.
* Try to deal first with a more general problem (is the "inventor's paradox": the more ambitious goal is the one most likely to succeed).
[2] Freud, S. Some psychogenic disturbances of vision. Works.
[3] Freud, S. Autobiography. Complete Works.
Marité Colovini
1-The Freudian discovery:
As you can see, the proposed program in Unit I advanced in the sense of a heuristic [1], ie, a characterization Device inquiry by Freud.
's Dictionary of the Royal English Academy:
heuristic, ca.
(Del gr. Εὑρίσκειν, find, invent, and-tic).
1. adj. Of or pertaining to heuristics.
2. f. Technique of inquiry and discovery.
3. f. Find or research papers or historical sources.
4. f. In some sciences, how to find a solution to a problem by not rigorous methods, such as scoring, rules of thumb, etc.
words: How Freud, the product of a high-level training in research medical and neurological, became himself, the inventor of a mode of analytical research.
Freud biographies of key names evoke this path: Charcot, Breuer, Fliess.
with Charcot If we can place the way Freud is led to the clinical gaze, was the Front meeting clinical reality, embodied in and by the hysterical what Freud decides to act on hysteria through hypnosis in order to reveal their secret nature.
Charcot hypnosis had found the means to reproduce the experimental pathological state attesting to the pathogenesis of clinical status.
The box, the lesson of the Salpetriere, Brouillet by the painter and exhibited at the Salon of French artists of 1887 is somehow emblematic of a certain device report: there is the hysterical patient "asleep" in the arms of Babinski, Charcot's disciple and monitored by Mlle . Bottard, assistant Charcot. Blanche Wittmann, interned at the Salpetriere since 1877, is thrown back, while the teacher Charcot's pointing his finger and said the incident before a fascinated audience.
have here is the primal scene of the clinical presentation that will penetrate the founder of psychoanalysis.
The procedure there is evidence from work on magnetism in the eighteenth century (Mesmer, Puseguy) called Braidismo in the next century, from which Braid, a physician from Manchester, had enrolled in medical discourse, was imposed as a therapeutic resource. Charcot
understand in practice that hypnosis is a valuable access to a secret hysterical. What causes potassium bromide in epilepsy, hypnosis is produced in the hysteric, which confirms its profound difference.
Hypnosis ends the symptom: the paralytic, for example. Hypnosis becomes an aid to highlight the pathogenesis, ie, understanding the mechanism by which act the causes of the disease process.
Although Charcot's clinical genius shines in his Lectures on Tuesday (which Freud translated) having no inclination to psychological concepts, leaving his disciples the task of psicofilosofía constitute a sort of hysteria. Thus, Richter writes: Description of major hysterical attack and its main varieties, Janet: The psychological automatism.
Freud, in 1911, in a remarkable article on hysterical blindness [2] refer to the French psychological school: Charcot, Binet, Janet.
This was established to deal with criticism, stemming from strong arguments Hippolyte Bernheim, a doctor turned hypnosis after reading the pioneering work of Liebault: Dreams and the state analogs, 1866. In a decisive work, De la suggestion in the hypnotic state and the waking state, which would be representative of the School of Nancy, rejected the link between hysteria and hypnotizability, describing the laws of the normal physiological mechanism of suggestion.
The two streams met at the International Congress of 1889, when Freud was able to attend, and he did take a position in favor of the suggestion. In July 1889
meets Bernheim.
2-From Hypnosis to Psychoanalysis:
Braid discovered in 1841, that an individual who is it set his sights on a shiny object, located just below the forehead, falls into a dream to be known as hypnotic sleep or braídico. Braid
us back to the intuition of the Austrian physician Mesmer, who used 17776 from magnetism, the universal fluid as a therapeutic.
revisit it through the device of the famous magnetic cells produced its effects when applied to the body of the sick (including the hysterical), were linked through iron rods hanging over the liquid (water filled buckets , bottles resting on a mixture of ground glass and iron filings).
Puysegur, French disciple of Mesmer, was quick to establish that this fluid was nervous and not physical in studying sleepwalking.
Finally, Braid, took a decisive step to characterize hypnosis as a state of nervous system determined by artificial maneuvers caused by the concentration of the eye (mental and visual) in an object.
rightly points out that dream involves a loss of memory, so that the patient retains some memory of what happened during that dream, artificial, but effective.
or braidismo Hypnotism was known in France for work Azam, of Bordeaux, in 1859, in the form of a notice to the Company Surgery of Paris, before being re-discovered by Richer (1873) and practiced by Charcot from 1878.
But here's the Quiet Revolution by Liebault introduced by the text of 1866, ignored until he does know Bernheim (1883-1890) where hypnotism is conceived as a dream caused by suggestion. Considering the suggestion as the key braidismo, this means that there is no magnetic fluid, mesmerizing no physical action, but only mental action: the idea.
normal Suggestibility only enhances mental concentration sleep: hence to implement Liebault suggestive psychotherapy induced sleep. For the first time resorted to verbal suggestion to induce sleep and in some cases cured by the word.
This contrasts with the conception of Charcot, for whom as Bernheim said hypnotism was presented as an experimental neurosis likely to be caused in hysterics. Bernheim
enter
be for normal suggestibility in the waking state and suggesting appropriate therapy.
Thereafter, the phenomena of suggestion is not based on a magnetic state or a hypnotic state, nor an induced sleep, but are a function of a physiological property of the brain that may be caused during wakefulness: suggestibility.
Bernheim The theoretical basis of what he calls "ideodinamismo": "Every idea suggested tends to become act", ie, movement, action, feeling, emotion, organic act. Similarly, the idea also can neutralize an act to inhibit a movement, a feeling, an emotion, an image, a function.
This property is the foundation of the idea of \u200b\u200bpsychotherapy. Liberated from the superstitions, hypnotism gives way to a sort of mental causation is possible to put into action for therapeutic purposes.
must be emphasized here the importance School of Nancy (Liebault / Bernheim) as this, complement the School of the Salpetriere, will the creator of psychoanalysis in the way of a true theory of unconscious mental causation.
When you choose to translate also the greatest work of Bernheim, De la suggestion and its applications, from 1887, Freud became aware of the importance of the work on suggestion.
is the suggestion that reveals some psychic determinism, which would be triggered just by it.
Bernheim The objective was to demystify hypnosis looks like magic to proceedings related to laws of mental processes. But also allowed, to overcome the physiological explanation, making hypnosis a psychotherapeutic procedure.
The trip takes Nacy in 1889 because the sense of a shift in the Freudian: the same year that made the 1 st International Congress of experimental and therapeutic hypnosis.
The post-hypnotic suggestion, ie that the hypnotized subject is susceptible to remember, under an order of the hypnotist that was done during sleep, in an experimental translation of the action of latent memories, will allow find, as seen above, the first announcement of unconscious processes. Truth
Combined with this theoretical practical discovery: free associations relieved to techniques of suggestion to overcome them: at least Bernheim had raised the principle of mental accessibility of these latent state, induced by suggestion.
"I witnessed the amazing experiences of their patients Bernheim hospital and that is where I experienced the strongest impressions on the possibility of powerful mental processes which nevertheless remained hidden from the consciousness of men." [3]
In fact, Charcot remains the author of the original shock, to the extent that Freud felt "the formal envelope of the symptom." Bernheim's contribution will be to link the issue with the appearance of underlying mental causation.
Charcot, therefore, is impressive at the clinic itself, while Bernheim it is at the level of disclosure of these "powerful hidden mental processes." The reconcile psychoanalysis under an improvement that neither one nor the other had expected: the sexual etiology provides a basis for this synthesis between the rights of symptoms and processes.
Paradoxically, the contribution of concrete is Bernheim, Freud, while evaluating the limits of suggestion. In fact, suggestible that fails the patient to Freud takes Nancy to test the effects of the theory. But anyway, seen as gained the idea that hypnotic manifestations are psychological effects, effects of representations raised, intentionally or not, in the hypnotized "and not" a physiologically altered state of the nervous system caused by external excitations " as Charcot thought.
The demand for explanation is, henceforth, inherent need to hear: causes and phenomena are on, once and for all, inseparable from Freud's heuristic.
is a paradox that Freud, by abandoning hypnosis and relativize its importance, recognizing their importance in the history of the discovery of unconscious processes.
After recognizing the mechanism of suggestion, Freud is the unconscious, and opens the way for treatment of diseases of the ICC cathartic.
But in Breuer, catharsis was kept in the background as hypnosis. In contrast to Freud, became a specific procedure for exploration of the ICC. For this reason the practice without hypnosis and before transforming it into outright cure of language, and have waived intermediate maneuvers (apposition of hands on the patient's forehead.)
3-The therapeutic act: Freud with Breuer.
Charcot
But if Freud taught to see, Breuer taught him to act on the symptoms.
The cathartic method, thanks to the genius of Breuer, reveals the formation of symptoms by acting on it.
The very purpose of the therapeutic device: abreact stuck affection, suggests that this "object" action is needed.
becomes possible to act on the symptoms and simultaneously, this action is a demonstration of psychic determinism operating in symptom formation on which it acts: it is the considerable contribution and heuristic Breuer to Freud.
I think this is why Freud insists fatherhood Breuer attribute to psychoanalysis.
After an interrupted practice for ten years from 1892, Freud is concerned with developing his own method, as if, as Jones points out, his technique was refined and got rid of their aids.
precisely at the time participating in "A case of hypnotic cure a case of hysteria" (1887) is preparing to relocate to truth to hypnosis.
4 - therapy: Freud
text continues by explaining how hypnosis and altered left the cathartic method, for strictly "practice"
"He had found two serious shortcomings in the use of hypnotism, even as applied to the catharsis. First, the therapeutic results obtained were disappearing at the slightest disturbance of the personal relationship between doctor and patient. They came back indeed to appear once achieved reconciliation, but it proved so affective-personal relationship factor was impossible to master, more powerful than cathartic work. also came a day that was given to me to prove something he suspected for a long time and ago. One of my patients more docile, with which he had obtained through hypnosis the most favorable results, surprised me one day that he had made a painful access free it by referring to its initial cause, throwing her arms around his neck to awaken from the hypnotic sleep. A maid knocked on the door at that time prevented us from a painful explanation, but since that day we give, by tacit agreement, the continuation of hypnotic treatment. Modest enough not to attribute the incident to my personal attractions, I assumed he had discovered the nature of the mystical element acting behind hypnotism. To suppress or at least isolate had to leave the hypnotic procedure. "
"abandoned hypnotism, but the change of tactics brought a change in appearance of the work cathartic. Hypnotism had covered a set of forces that are evident now and whose discovery gave the theory a very firm base.
What could be the cause of the patients had forgotten many facts of his life inside and outside and could, however, remember when they applied the technique described above? The observation response to this question was more than enough. Everything had been painful forgotten for any reason for the subject being considered by the aspirations of his personality as frightening, painful or embarrassed. There was thus think that was just such characters to have forgotten, that is, not having been aware. To make them aware of new rule was necessary in the patient something that rebelled against it, well the doctor imposed strain. This effort varied greatly depending on the case, growing in direct proportion to the severity of the forgotten, and was the measure of the resistance of the patient. Thus arose the theory of repression. "
And we then the Freudian discovery of the unconscious. This material painful forgotten psychic apparatus did not disappear disappear from consciousness, remained in an unconscious state, but from there pursued his effectiveness in the genesis of neurotic symptoms. We can say that Freud believes that there is a subject of symptoms, although the patient in terms of conscious self knows nothing of it.
"The theory of repression was the primary basis for the understanding of neurosis and imposed a modification of the therapeutic work. Its purpose was no longer to return to normal roads affects misled by a false path, but to discover the repression and remove them with a view to accept or condemn definitely excluded by the repression. In compliance with this new state of affairs, say the research method and resulting healing name of psychoanalysis in place of catharsis. "
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..
" For psychoanalysis everything is, at first unconscious, and the quality of consciousness can be added later, or missing at all. These statements have encountered opposition from the philosophers, for which the conscious and psyche are one thing, it is inconceivable the existence of the psychic unconscious. Psychoanalysis was therefore to come forward without dealing with the idiosyncrasies of philosophers, based on observations in pathological material completely ignored by his detractors and those relating to frequency and pulse power which knows nothing about the subject itself, which is forced to deductible as any other event outside world. "
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
" The theories of resistance and repression of unconscious etiological significance of sexual life and the importance of childhood events are the main elements of psychoanalytic theory building. "
So here is my attempt to go to these quotes and words of Freud himself the answer to what psychoanalysis is.
I would add the same text, a paragraph on the difference that Freud said about the formation of a psychoanalyst and also the conclusion to which Freud comes to the end of the text on what psychoanalysis is.
"Actually, the doctor who has not made a special study is also, despite its title, a layman with respect to psychoanalysis and non-medical person can carry out perfectly, by preparing analytical and in some cases assisted by a doctor, the analytical treatment of the neuroses.
By one of those developments against which resistance is futile result has come to integrate various ways the word "psychoanalysis." Originally it was not the name of a particular therapeutic method, but has now evolved into the name of science, science of the psychic unconscious. This science is not generally suitable to solve a problem alone, but it seems called to offer the most diverse scientific disciplines very important contributions. The scope of psychoanalysis is as wide as that of psychology, which adds an important complement to reach. "
Well, we have enough material to discuss, so I propose that we start from here the discussion of themes.
Notes and bibliography:
[1] Heuristic
From Wikipedia, the
free encyclopedia
heuristic is called the capacity of a system for performing an immediate positive developments to their ends. The heuristic is a characteristic of humans, from whose point of view can be described as the art and science discovery and invention or to solve problems using creativity and lateral thinking or divergent thinking.
The etymology of heuristics is the same as the word eureka, whose exclamation attributed to Archimedes in an episode as famous as apocryphal. The word heuristic appears in more than a grammatical category. When used as a noun, it identifies the art or science of discovery, a discipline likely to be formally investigated. When it appears as an adjective, refers to concrete things, such as heuristics, rules of thumb or heuristics syllogisms and conclusions. Of course, these two uses are closely related and usually suggests that the heuristic heuristics that guide the discovery.
The popularization of the concept should be the mathematician George Polya, in his book How to Solve It (How to solve it). Having studied many mathematical proofs from his youth, wanted to know how mathematicians come to them. The book contains recipes kind of heuristics that sought to teach students math. Four examples drawn from it illustrate the concept better than any definition:
* If you can not understand a problem, draw a diagram.
* If you find a solution, just as if the HAD and see what can you infer from it (backward reasoning).
* If the problem is abstract, try examining a concrete example.
* Try to deal first with a more general problem (is the "inventor's paradox": the more ambitious goal is the one most likely to succeed).
[2] Freud, S. Some psychogenic disturbances of vision. Works.
[3] Freud, S. Autobiography. Complete Works.
Tuesday, May 19, 2009
How To Huff Spray Paint
Freudian therapeutic medical logic. PSYCHOANALYTIC LOGIC
Marité Colovini
1 - Psychoanalysis and science
The status of psychoanalysis ie how to locate epistemologically, has been a concern both for Freud to Lacan, that is, the question of the "scientific nature" of psychoanalysis.
Science does not always existed in the culture, there is a base from which science is structured as a discourse, and this point, both for science and for Lacan, is Descartes.
What Descartes is established with the birth certificate of science, ie the appearance of the subject of knowledge. The Cartesian subject is to be subverted by psychoanalysis.
Lacan says the subject foreclosed the discourse of science, is the subject of concern to psychoanalysis. The subject that subverts
Psychoanalysis is the Cartesian subject, ie, the subject of modernity is articulated in the Meditations of Descartes, which appears as the cornerstone of development in modern science.
If it were not for the developments made by Descartes, the discourse of science would not have had the opportunity to put in place.
The discourse of psychiatry, as well as of psychology, while discourses of science, are based on knowledge of self, that is, the subject of consciousness.
For psychoanalysis, the subject is not in consciousness (as it is a fake), but in the unconscious is therefore a split subject of consciousness and the unconscious.
is a subject that is known for its effects, Psychoanalysis thus questioned in relation to these effects.
There is an issue that is central to the philosophy and psychology, which is the concept of unity, ie as regards the mind-body unity.
In Freud's work shows the breakdown of that unit. And Lacan's teaching is a ruthless critique of the concept of unity.
Lacan says that science advances if it discovers. This finding implies that knowledge is already given, and know it as such would be covered, and produce what science is lifting the veil of this knowledge, which would then open. Dice
Lacan does not know what the scientist is not discovered anything, but invented.
Freud says in "Studies on Hysteria" that what psychoanalysis aims is to "transform neurotic suffering a natural unhappiness." This is directly related to the ethics of psychoanalysis.
Clearly, this proposal contrasts Freudian absolutely any existing psychotherapies outside Freud.
In the neurotic is suffering has nothing to do with unhappiness, ie Freud contrasts two different sufferings.
This definition appeals particularly Lacan Freud, and he tries to "aggiornamiento" early and incalculable in its consequences, Freudian definition.
Lacan says: "What is proposed is a psychoanalysis transmuting neurotic impotence in a logical impossibility", set it equal to the Freudian statement.
The Seminar on the Ethics of Psychoanalysis, Lacan says: "How far are we from a formulation of a field of happiness." And with regard to the concept of unity Lacan says: "The idea of \u200b\u200bthe unity of human life, I have always produced the effects of a scandalous lie."
Psychoanalysis is a practice, is a position in relation to knowledge is a theory to be lacking in the human subject and that accounts for the uniqueness of each individual in relation to unconscious desire.
What then is the relationship of psychoanalysis to scientific discourse?
precisely this Cartesian subject, the subject of knowledge will be subverted by psychoanalysis.
psychoanalysis is a science in the sense of being able to be verified by the scientific method, but this does not invalidate the act which is accomplished in Psychoanalysis, and the effects that this measure is, effects in relation to the word of a subject.
If psychoanalysis subverts the Cartesian subject, ie, the subject of science, will be located in a problematic relationship between psychoanalysis and science.
All sciences soft have a marginal position with respect to scientific method, and are challenged by comparing them with the hard sciences.
academic psychology assigned a central place to me, however, in the analytic discourse, the self has a place of bondage, and a place of servitude threefold: to the id, the superego and to face reality.
This threefold bondage of self that Freud notes, developed in "Inhibitions, Symptoms and Anxiety" is precisely that I know. Psychology
If this central place assigned to me, this I indivisible, in that I would function synthesis and thus drive it is because it ignores the essence of I which is precisely, of the unknown. Lack
in which the self is compared to the overdetermination in which it stands.
2 - The subject of psychoanalysis. Structure.
The subject with which it operates psychoanalysis is a split subject: the subject of science divided between knowledge and truth. In this subject carries a significant order also incomplete, and that is why the place has been appointed as the bar that divides it.
is the science that supports the symbolic order is incomplete and therefore, by suturing, to unify the subject. That is the illusion of modern science. But it is for this reason that science forecloses the truth. The incompleteness of the symbolic order, the incomplete and inconsistent of the Other, is a real problem: you can not tell the truth about the truth.
3 - Causation and overdetermination
The notion of causality has no transition to the guilt, find the cause is strongly welded to find the culprit. Moreover, if we look at the many statements of belief or crystallized phrases like "this happens from that cause" or "if one knew the cause of things, know where it goes," we could reach such erroneous conviction as biased type: Explaining the causes is to explain, "when we could say that the psychoanalytic interpretation is no causal explanation. And is not unique.
terms of cause - effect naturalize history longer happenings and production of complex relationships becomes subjective and an objective in which we study the past if the facts and objective, when the objective is data Historical file, ie, that liable to a non-causal explanation of a social historical interpretation.
is almost inevitable against an effect, find its cause, however, if we speak of actualization, it brings together the significant processes and the construction work. Precisely what we are shown in the formations of the unconscious is an ability to effectuation that the pair carried out a cause - effect, which is always a motivation that puts us squarely in the field of preconscious, par where cause precedes effect, it creates and sets the universality of this relationship in the middle of the tyrannical force of chronological time and also indicates in all seriousness that the novelty or some productive independence of the effect are impossible.
However, in contrast to the special effects in film, we ask not what your cause, we stayed in that area of \u200b\u200bactualization, in that complex and articulated linkage effects pure. What determines
is overdetermined and there is the work of interpretation that seeks no content in any depth, but the production of the unconscious in its deployment, the thought, the unexpected and unthinkable in the same sentence. There is nothing behind the words, everything is, as Freud says "on the surface of language," hatched in the "predestined ambiguity of the word." If you look behind the words of the analysand, pursuing a cause and find it, I know that the cause of his sentence is my ideology.
If psychoanalysis comes to effect this it will be just a lost cause, never a motivation, so much evil can be attributed to an effect, a cause. Causality is a notion that makes the window to get what we got through the door: the substance, the unifying rule of chronological time, the trauma, the reason. Causality man again immersed in a state of nature, simplicity, transparency, which makes unnecessary the work of interpretation, because things are as we see. In contrast, the determination must be worked in the event of their training, their appearance, does not pre.
When we speak of "places of incorporation of the subject", it is clear that the subject becomes, while the man is born. The subject is not the man but what man can be determined theoretically and uniqueness of a particular science, this relativity, taking into account the psychological subject is the subject of science as a theoretical articulation is produced as overdetermined unconscious desire that their formations. Overdetermined means no development of any desire on any object, but only the development of desire.
The logic of the unconscious can not be worked by means of causality, or deduction, or claiming the continent as a cause and effect as content. It would rather think of overdetermination from the effectuation that takes place in significant slippage activated from memory is not something you have, but something wrong, both in memory and forgotten.
4 - Psychoanalysis and Neuroscience
Freud did not hesitate to predict a time when the social impact of indiscretion would be at once the impossibility of concealment, "the sick, knowing that all morbid manifestations are interpreted immediately by the others, disguised. "
At this time the coordinates are others and the question for the future of the symptoms we are concerned, I quote, "understand that the question here is indicated whether psychoanalysis exists. That is exactly what is at stake. But moreover, there is something for which he says without question. The symptom is the time point at which we arrived, say with the word interim, I would call civilization ... "
The time point at which we have arrived in civilization ...
What we read in this time, from the psychoanalytic discourse, how we respond to these new challenges of scientific discourse, whose effects appear in the daily life of the psychoanalyst?, what are the consequences subjective forms of regulation for the show?, "psychotherapies , a cosmetology ego that accompanies these new regulations?.
interested In this context I think that by way of illusion find today in neuroscience and psychotherapy, these modern aid asintomatizada foster a relationship with the unconscious.
Using soothing of whom spoke Freud in Civilization and its Discontents, usufruct the effect of suggestion, which encourage individuals to alienation standard, which avoids the responsibility of the individual by his desire, at the time finding a way legitimized by the scientific discourse. The time complexity of exhibits any object, ends up being used as bait to induce men to an obscenely consumption, asks for more. The use of psychotropic medication by neuroscience can lead to these excesses, the use of the word too, when it is legitimated by some in the name of psychoanalysis.
Freud, in the final paragraph of his paper The Future of an Illusion, states: "No, our science is no illusion. But if you would believe that we can obtain in any other, so that she can not get us give. "What this is not conclusive, it would place as illusory diversion that it blindly obtained elsewhere, is installed at the site of what is missing.
This is the deviation of the Ego Psichology involved, however, nothing prevents it to be used also to psychoanalysis.
measure of effectiveness of neuroscience and his sisters psychotherapies in the exercise of a power-knowledge requires the condition of openness of an individual, making it comparable to the religious believer's attitude towards the suffering, the unconditional submission as a consolation, constituting a further guarantee that involved responding to the demand to give the specific object, the manner of a machina Deux is deceptively arranged so messy, leaving those soothing the balance of the accumulation without rest ...
"The man has become, as it were, a god with the prostheses," says Freud in Beyond the Pleasure Principle, "quite wonderful when you put all your gadgets, but they do not grow in your body ... ". "It right to take comfort in the thought that future times will bring new and perhaps unimaginable progress in this field of culture, highlighting further the deification of man. "
Today science promises to find out why and so cure the incurable, psychotherapies parasites in the proliferation of reason, the alienation that often comes to the havoc are Verifiable balances these instruments of pleasure.
psychoanalytic discourse In releasing the ghost of her because it produces the opposite effect, leading to separation a desire to appropriate the mark of the singular.
"Where the layman asks a substitute science abandoned the catechism, install the ghost everywhere, the reality turned into a ghost, which is contrary to the movement of its throughput. "
We know from Lacan, a fundamental difference between being induced by the self and being produced as a subject of the unconscious, this experience is installed with another instrument that makes underside, the analytic horizon is not the promise, but the Real. Hence it is an operation to produce more by way of a function, devoid of the person, using the pure combinatorial language, subtracted by the grace of ambiguity, consistency of meaning, thus opening new horizons outside language, that of a vacuum; elided and avoided as such by the psychotherapies.
conclude: If, as Freud states, the essence of religion is evident in the next step to a confrontation with failure, to a subject in analysis does not try to get rid of loneliness subjective, but to move forward with it in a new libidinal tie with the symptom: drop the illusions, the symptom and future, for a subject and for psychoanalysis.
Marité Colovini
1 - Psychoanalysis and science
The status of psychoanalysis ie how to locate epistemologically, has been a concern both for Freud to Lacan, that is, the question of the "scientific nature" of psychoanalysis.
Science does not always existed in the culture, there is a base from which science is structured as a discourse, and this point, both for science and for Lacan, is Descartes.
What Descartes is established with the birth certificate of science, ie the appearance of the subject of knowledge. The Cartesian subject is to be subverted by psychoanalysis.
Lacan says the subject foreclosed the discourse of science, is the subject of concern to psychoanalysis. The subject that subverts
Psychoanalysis is the Cartesian subject, ie, the subject of modernity is articulated in the Meditations of Descartes, which appears as the cornerstone of development in modern science.
If it were not for the developments made by Descartes, the discourse of science would not have had the opportunity to put in place.
The discourse of psychiatry, as well as of psychology, while discourses of science, are based on knowledge of self, that is, the subject of consciousness.
For psychoanalysis, the subject is not in consciousness (as it is a fake), but in the unconscious is therefore a split subject of consciousness and the unconscious.
is a subject that is known for its effects, Psychoanalysis thus questioned in relation to these effects.
There is an issue that is central to the philosophy and psychology, which is the concept of unity, ie as regards the mind-body unity.
In Freud's work shows the breakdown of that unit. And Lacan's teaching is a ruthless critique of the concept of unity.
Lacan says that science advances if it discovers. This finding implies that knowledge is already given, and know it as such would be covered, and produce what science is lifting the veil of this knowledge, which would then open. Dice
Lacan does not know what the scientist is not discovered anything, but invented.
Freud says in "Studies on Hysteria" that what psychoanalysis aims is to "transform neurotic suffering a natural unhappiness." This is directly related to the ethics of psychoanalysis.
Clearly, this proposal contrasts Freudian absolutely any existing psychotherapies outside Freud.
In the neurotic is suffering has nothing to do with unhappiness, ie Freud contrasts two different sufferings.
This definition appeals particularly Lacan Freud, and he tries to "aggiornamiento" early and incalculable in its consequences, Freudian definition.
Lacan says: "What is proposed is a psychoanalysis transmuting neurotic impotence in a logical impossibility", set it equal to the Freudian statement.
The Seminar on the Ethics of Psychoanalysis, Lacan says: "How far are we from a formulation of a field of happiness." And with regard to the concept of unity Lacan says: "The idea of \u200b\u200bthe unity of human life, I have always produced the effects of a scandalous lie."
Psychoanalysis is a practice, is a position in relation to knowledge is a theory to be lacking in the human subject and that accounts for the uniqueness of each individual in relation to unconscious desire.
What then is the relationship of psychoanalysis to scientific discourse?
precisely this Cartesian subject, the subject of knowledge will be subverted by psychoanalysis.
psychoanalysis is a science in the sense of being able to be verified by the scientific method, but this does not invalidate the act which is accomplished in Psychoanalysis, and the effects that this measure is, effects in relation to the word of a subject.
If psychoanalysis subverts the Cartesian subject, ie, the subject of science, will be located in a problematic relationship between psychoanalysis and science.
All sciences soft have a marginal position with respect to scientific method, and are challenged by comparing them with the hard sciences.
academic psychology assigned a central place to me, however, in the analytic discourse, the self has a place of bondage, and a place of servitude threefold: to the id, the superego and to face reality.
This threefold bondage of self that Freud notes, developed in "Inhibitions, Symptoms and Anxiety" is precisely that I know. Psychology
If this central place assigned to me, this I indivisible, in that I would function synthesis and thus drive it is because it ignores the essence of I which is precisely, of the unknown. Lack
in which the self is compared to the overdetermination in which it stands.
2 - The subject of psychoanalysis. Structure.
The subject with which it operates psychoanalysis is a split subject: the subject of science divided between knowledge and truth. In this subject carries a significant order also incomplete, and that is why the place has been appointed as the bar that divides it.
is the science that supports the symbolic order is incomplete and therefore, by suturing, to unify the subject. That is the illusion of modern science. But it is for this reason that science forecloses the truth. The incompleteness of the symbolic order, the incomplete and inconsistent of the Other, is a real problem: you can not tell the truth about the truth.
3 - Causation and overdetermination
The notion of causality has no transition to the guilt, find the cause is strongly welded to find the culprit. Moreover, if we look at the many statements of belief or crystallized phrases like "this happens from that cause" or "if one knew the cause of things, know where it goes," we could reach such erroneous conviction as biased type: Explaining the causes is to explain, "when we could say that the psychoanalytic interpretation is no causal explanation. And is not unique.
terms of cause - effect naturalize history longer happenings and production of complex relationships becomes subjective and an objective in which we study the past if the facts and objective, when the objective is data Historical file, ie, that liable to a non-causal explanation of a social historical interpretation.
is almost inevitable against an effect, find its cause, however, if we speak of actualization, it brings together the significant processes and the construction work. Precisely what we are shown in the formations of the unconscious is an ability to effectuation that the pair carried out a cause - effect, which is always a motivation that puts us squarely in the field of preconscious, par where cause precedes effect, it creates and sets the universality of this relationship in the middle of the tyrannical force of chronological time and also indicates in all seriousness that the novelty or some productive independence of the effect are impossible.
However, in contrast to the special effects in film, we ask not what your cause, we stayed in that area of \u200b\u200bactualization, in that complex and articulated linkage effects pure. What determines
is overdetermined and there is the work of interpretation that seeks no content in any depth, but the production of the unconscious in its deployment, the thought, the unexpected and unthinkable in the same sentence. There is nothing behind the words, everything is, as Freud says "on the surface of language," hatched in the "predestined ambiguity of the word." If you look behind the words of the analysand, pursuing a cause and find it, I know that the cause of his sentence is my ideology.
If psychoanalysis comes to effect this it will be just a lost cause, never a motivation, so much evil can be attributed to an effect, a cause. Causality is a notion that makes the window to get what we got through the door: the substance, the unifying rule of chronological time, the trauma, the reason. Causality man again immersed in a state of nature, simplicity, transparency, which makes unnecessary the work of interpretation, because things are as we see. In contrast, the determination must be worked in the event of their training, their appearance, does not pre.
When we speak of "places of incorporation of the subject", it is clear that the subject becomes, while the man is born. The subject is not the man but what man can be determined theoretically and uniqueness of a particular science, this relativity, taking into account the psychological subject is the subject of science as a theoretical articulation is produced as overdetermined unconscious desire that their formations. Overdetermined means no development of any desire on any object, but only the development of desire.
The logic of the unconscious can not be worked by means of causality, or deduction, or claiming the continent as a cause and effect as content. It would rather think of overdetermination from the effectuation that takes place in significant slippage activated from memory is not something you have, but something wrong, both in memory and forgotten.
4 - Psychoanalysis and Neuroscience
Freud did not hesitate to predict a time when the social impact of indiscretion would be at once the impossibility of concealment, "the sick, knowing that all morbid manifestations are interpreted immediately by the others, disguised. "
At this time the coordinates are others and the question for the future of the symptoms we are concerned, I quote, "understand that the question here is indicated whether psychoanalysis exists. That is exactly what is at stake. But moreover, there is something for which he says without question. The symptom is the time point at which we arrived, say with the word interim, I would call civilization ... "
The time point at which we have arrived in civilization ...
What we read in this time, from the psychoanalytic discourse, how we respond to these new challenges of scientific discourse, whose effects appear in the daily life of the psychoanalyst?, what are the consequences subjective forms of regulation for the show?, "psychotherapies , a cosmetology ego that accompanies these new regulations?.
interested In this context I think that by way of illusion find today in neuroscience and psychotherapy, these modern aid asintomatizada foster a relationship with the unconscious.
Using soothing of whom spoke Freud in Civilization and its Discontents, usufruct the effect of suggestion, which encourage individuals to alienation standard, which avoids the responsibility of the individual by his desire, at the time finding a way legitimized by the scientific discourse. The time complexity of exhibits any object, ends up being used as bait to induce men to an obscenely consumption, asks for more. The use of psychotropic medication by neuroscience can lead to these excesses, the use of the word too, when it is legitimated by some in the name of psychoanalysis.
Freud, in the final paragraph of his paper The Future of an Illusion, states: "No, our science is no illusion. But if you would believe that we can obtain in any other, so that she can not get us give. "What this is not conclusive, it would place as illusory diversion that it blindly obtained elsewhere, is installed at the site of what is missing.
This is the deviation of the Ego Psichology involved, however, nothing prevents it to be used also to psychoanalysis.
measure of effectiveness of neuroscience and his sisters psychotherapies in the exercise of a power-knowledge requires the condition of openness of an individual, making it comparable to the religious believer's attitude towards the suffering, the unconditional submission as a consolation, constituting a further guarantee that involved responding to the demand to give the specific object, the manner of a machina Deux is deceptively arranged so messy, leaving those soothing the balance of the accumulation without rest ...
"The man has become, as it were, a god with the prostheses," says Freud in Beyond the Pleasure Principle, "quite wonderful when you put all your gadgets, but they do not grow in your body ... ". "It right to take comfort in the thought that future times will bring new and perhaps unimaginable progress in this field of culture, highlighting further the deification of man. "
Today science promises to find out why and so cure the incurable, psychotherapies parasites in the proliferation of reason, the alienation that often comes to the havoc are Verifiable balances these instruments of pleasure.
psychoanalytic discourse In releasing the ghost of her because it produces the opposite effect, leading to separation a desire to appropriate the mark of the singular.
"Where the layman asks a substitute science abandoned the catechism, install the ghost everywhere, the reality turned into a ghost, which is contrary to the movement of its throughput. "
We know from Lacan, a fundamental difference between being induced by the self and being produced as a subject of the unconscious, this experience is installed with another instrument that makes underside, the analytic horizon is not the promise, but the Real. Hence it is an operation to produce more by way of a function, devoid of the person, using the pure combinatorial language, subtracted by the grace of ambiguity, consistency of meaning, thus opening new horizons outside language, that of a vacuum; elided and avoided as such by the psychotherapies.
conclude: If, as Freud states, the essence of religion is evident in the next step to a confrontation with failure, to a subject in analysis does not try to get rid of loneliness subjective, but to move forward with it in a new libidinal tie with the symptom: drop the illusions, the symptom and future, for a subject and for psychoanalysis.
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