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Marité Colovini
1 - Psychoanalysis and science
The status of psychoanalysis ie how to locate epistemologically, has been a concern both for Freud to Lacan, that is, the question of the "scientific nature" of psychoanalysis.
Science does not always existed in the culture, there is a base from which science is structured as a discourse, and this point, both for science and for Lacan, is Descartes.
What Descartes is established with the birth certificate of science, ie the appearance of the subject of knowledge. The Cartesian subject is to be subverted by psychoanalysis.
Lacan says the subject foreclosed the discourse of science, is the subject of concern to psychoanalysis. The subject that subverts
Psychoanalysis is the Cartesian subject, ie, the subject of modernity is articulated in the Meditations of Descartes, which appears as the cornerstone of development in modern science.
If it were not for the developments made by Descartes, the discourse of science would not have had the opportunity to put in place.
The discourse of psychiatry, as well as of psychology, while discourses of science, are based on knowledge of self, that is, the subject of consciousness.
For psychoanalysis, the subject is not in consciousness (as it is a fake), but in the unconscious is therefore a split subject of consciousness and the unconscious.
is a subject that is known for its effects, Psychoanalysis thus questioned in relation to these effects.
There is an issue that is central to the philosophy and psychology, which is the concept of unity, ie as regards the mind-body unity.
In Freud's work shows the breakdown of that unit. And Lacan's teaching is a ruthless critique of the concept of unity.
Lacan says that science advances if it discovers. This finding implies that knowledge is already given, and know it as such would be covered, and produce what science is lifting the veil of this knowledge, which would then open. Dice
Lacan does not know what the scientist is not discovered anything, but invented.
Freud says in "Studies on Hysteria" that what psychoanalysis aims is to "transform neurotic suffering a natural unhappiness." This is directly related to the ethics of psychoanalysis.
Clearly, this proposal contrasts Freudian absolutely any existing psychotherapies outside Freud.
In the neurotic is suffering has nothing to do with unhappiness, ie Freud contrasts two different sufferings.
This definition appeals particularly Lacan Freud, and he tries to "aggiornamiento" early and incalculable in its consequences, Freudian definition.
Lacan says: "What is proposed is a psychoanalysis transmuting neurotic impotence in a logical impossibility", set it equal to the Freudian statement.
The Seminar on the Ethics of Psychoanalysis, Lacan says: "How far are we from a formulation of a field of happiness." And with regard to the concept of unity Lacan says: "The idea of \u200b\u200bthe unity of human life, I have always produced the effects of a scandalous lie."
Psychoanalysis is a practice, is a position in relation to knowledge is a theory to be lacking in the human subject and that accounts for the uniqueness of each individual in relation to unconscious desire.
What then is the relationship of psychoanalysis to scientific discourse?
precisely this Cartesian subject, the subject of knowledge will be subverted by psychoanalysis.
psychoanalysis is a science in the sense of being able to be verified by the scientific method, but this does not invalidate the act which is accomplished in Psychoanalysis, and the effects that this measure is, effects in relation to the word of a subject.
If psychoanalysis subverts the Cartesian subject, ie, the subject of science, will be located in a problematic relationship between psychoanalysis and science.
All sciences soft have a marginal position with respect to scientific method, and are challenged by comparing them with the hard sciences.
academic psychology assigned a central place to me, however, in the analytic discourse, the self has a place of bondage, and a place of servitude threefold: to the id, the superego and to face reality.
This threefold bondage of self that Freud notes, developed in "Inhibitions, Symptoms and Anxiety" is precisely that I know. Psychology
If this central place assigned to me, this I indivisible, in that I would function synthesis and thus drive it is because it ignores the essence of I which is precisely, of the unknown. Lack
in which the self is compared to the overdetermination in which it stands.
2 - The subject of psychoanalysis. Structure.
The subject with which it operates psychoanalysis is a split subject: the subject of science divided between knowledge and truth. In this subject carries a significant order also incomplete, and that is why the place has been appointed as the bar that divides it.
is the science that supports the symbolic order is incomplete and therefore, by suturing, to unify the subject. That is the illusion of modern science. But it is for this reason that science forecloses the truth. The incompleteness of the symbolic order, the incomplete and inconsistent of the Other, is a real problem: you can not tell the truth about the truth.
3 - Causation and overdetermination
The notion of causality has no transition to the guilt, find the cause is strongly welded to find the culprit. Moreover, if we look at the many statements of belief or crystallized phrases like "this happens from that cause" or "if one knew the cause of things, know where it goes," we could reach such erroneous conviction as biased type: Explaining the causes is to explain, "when we could say that the psychoanalytic interpretation is no causal explanation. And is not unique.
terms of cause - effect naturalize history longer happenings and production of complex relationships becomes subjective and an objective in which we study the past if the facts and objective, when the objective is data Historical file, ie, that liable to a non-causal explanation of a social historical interpretation.
is almost inevitable against an effect, find its cause, however, if we speak of actualization, it brings together the significant processes and the construction work. Precisely what we are shown in the formations of the unconscious is an ability to effectuation that the pair carried out a cause - effect, which is always a motivation that puts us squarely in the field of preconscious, par where cause precedes effect, it creates and sets the universality of this relationship in the middle of the tyrannical force of chronological time and also indicates in all seriousness that the novelty or some productive independence of the effect are impossible.
However, in contrast to the special effects in film, we ask not what your cause, we stayed in that area of \u200b\u200bactualization, in that complex and articulated linkage effects pure. What determines
is overdetermined and there is the work of interpretation that seeks no content in any depth, but the production of the unconscious in its deployment, the thought, the unexpected and unthinkable in the same sentence. There is nothing behind the words, everything is, as Freud says "on the surface of language," hatched in the "predestined ambiguity of the word." If you look behind the words of the analysand, pursuing a cause and find it, I know that the cause of his sentence is my ideology.
If psychoanalysis comes to effect this it will be just a lost cause, never a motivation, so much evil can be attributed to an effect, a cause. Causality is a notion that makes the window to get what we got through the door: the substance, the unifying rule of chronological time, the trauma, the reason. Causality man again immersed in a state of nature, simplicity, transparency, which makes unnecessary the work of interpretation, because things are as we see. In contrast, the determination must be worked in the event of their training, their appearance, does not pre.
When we speak of "places of incorporation of the subject", it is clear that the subject becomes, while the man is born. The subject is not the man but what man can be determined theoretically and uniqueness of a particular science, this relativity, taking into account the psychological subject is the subject of science as a theoretical articulation is produced as overdetermined unconscious desire that their formations. Overdetermined means no development of any desire on any object, but only the development of desire.
The logic of the unconscious can not be worked by means of causality, or deduction, or claiming the continent as a cause and effect as content. It would rather think of overdetermination from the effectuation that takes place in significant slippage activated from memory is not something you have, but something wrong, both in memory and forgotten.
4 - Psychoanalysis and Neuroscience
Freud did not hesitate to predict a time when the social impact of indiscretion would be at once the impossibility of concealment, "the sick, knowing that all morbid manifestations are interpreted immediately by the others, disguised. "
At this time the coordinates are others and the question for the future of the symptoms we are concerned, I quote, "understand that the question here is indicated whether psychoanalysis exists. That is exactly what is at stake. But moreover, there is something for which he says without question. The symptom is the time point at which we arrived, say with the word interim, I would call civilization ... "
The time point at which we have arrived in civilization ...
What we read in this time, from the psychoanalytic discourse, how we respond to these new challenges of scientific discourse, whose effects appear in the daily life of the psychoanalyst?, what are the consequences subjective forms of regulation for the show?, "psychotherapies , a cosmetology ego that accompanies these new regulations?.
interested In this context I think that by way of illusion find today in neuroscience and psychotherapy, these modern aid asintomatizada foster a relationship with the unconscious.
Using soothing of whom spoke Freud in Civilization and its Discontents, usufruct the effect of suggestion, which encourage individuals to alienation standard, which avoids the responsibility of the individual by his desire, at the time finding a way legitimized by the scientific discourse. The time complexity of exhibits any object, ends up being used as bait to induce men to an obscenely consumption, asks for more. The use of psychotropic medication by neuroscience can lead to these excesses, the use of the word too, when it is legitimated by some in the name of psychoanalysis.
Freud, in the final paragraph of his paper The Future of an Illusion, states: "No, our science is no illusion. But if you would believe that we can obtain in any other, so that she can not get us give. "What this is not conclusive, it would place as illusory diversion that it blindly obtained elsewhere, is installed at the site of what is missing.
This is the deviation of the Ego Psichology involved, however, nothing prevents it to be used also to psychoanalysis.
measure of effectiveness of neuroscience and his sisters psychotherapies in the exercise of a power-knowledge requires the condition of openness of an individual, making it comparable to the religious believer's attitude towards the suffering, the unconditional submission as a consolation, constituting a further guarantee that involved responding to the demand to give the specific object, the manner of a machina Deux is deceptively arranged so messy, leaving those soothing the balance of the accumulation without rest ...
"The man has become, as it were, a god with the prostheses," says Freud in Beyond the Pleasure Principle, "quite wonderful when you put all your gadgets, but they do not grow in your body ... ". "It right to take comfort in the thought that future times will bring new and perhaps unimaginable progress in this field of culture, highlighting further the deification of man. "
Today science promises to find out why and so cure the incurable, psychotherapies parasites in the proliferation of reason, the alienation that often comes to the havoc are Verifiable balances these instruments of pleasure.
psychoanalytic discourse In releasing the ghost of her because it produces the opposite effect, leading to separation a desire to appropriate the mark of the singular.
"Where the layman asks a substitute science abandoned the catechism, install the ghost everywhere, the reality turned into a ghost, which is contrary to the movement of its throughput. "
We know from Lacan, a fundamental difference between being induced by the self and being produced as a subject of the unconscious, this experience is installed with another instrument that makes underside, the analytic horizon is not the promise, but the Real. Hence it is an operation to produce more by way of a function, devoid of the person, using the pure combinatorial language, subtracted by the grace of ambiguity, consistency of meaning, thus opening new horizons outside language, that of a vacuum; elided and avoided as such by the psychotherapies.
conclude: If, as Freud states, the essence of religion is evident in the next step to a confrontation with failure, to a subject in analysis does not try to get rid of loneliness subjective, but to move forward with it in a new libidinal tie with the symptom: drop the illusions, the symptom and future, for a subject and for psychoanalysis.
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