THE CONCEPT OF "STRUCTURE" IN THE TEACHING OF
Butts Mr. Ignacio Iglesias
Source: Latin American psychology ISSN 1870-350X versão on-line Psicol. Lat Am. n.8 Mexico in November. 2006 ANALYSIS AND THEORETICAL CONSTRUCTIONS IN PSYCHOLOGY.
Retrieved 20 / 02/08
.---------------------------------------- SUMMARY ----------------------------------------
This paper aims to clarify and question the concept of "structure" in the teaching of Lacan, as well as reflect on the use of it in the clinical psychoanalytic Lacanian orientation. Is relevant distinguish, using the concept of structure, if the concept meets any of the various branches of philosophical structuralism or if this is a unique invention of the author's thought. While not explore Lacan's work in its entirety, is located some milestones-a-key approach to our thinking as proposed. The tour begins work by the anthropology of Levi - Strauss in which Lacan says watering at the beginning of his teaching, v which imbues and anthropological concepts such singular inflection, related to mathematics. In another section, we will analyze the problem of clinical structures and epistemological status. Then to investigate in depth some concepts drawn from topology and develop in light of the drawings that the concept of structure is taking, we completed our work by proposing and highlighting some definitions of "structure" in Lacan's work aimed to offset the subject in a lattice structure that transcends the concepts of individual and "interiority of the unconscious."
Keywords: Structure, Structuralism, Clinic, Topology.
----------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------
ABSTRACT The purpose of
this work is to elucidate the concept of " structure "in Lacan ore works and to think about the use that lacanian psychoanalysts give to it in the clinical practice. Is relevant to precise in the use of the concept of "structure" if it responds to the use that philosophic structuralism makes of it or if its an original production of the author above mentioned. Although we will not explore the whole Lacan ás works we will set some boundary posts to argue about what we think they are inescapable points. Our itinerary begins from Levy – Strauss ás anthropology in which Lacan says to lean at the beginning of his teaching and at which he stamps his own reading and use, near to mathematics. In another paragraph, we will analyse the problem of clinical structures and its epistemological problems. After inquiring into depth some topological concepts we finish Our exposition and outstanding putting forward Some definitions of the concept of structure That allow the Decentralization of the Subject in a truss structure of That Breaks Through the notion of "individual" and "interiority of the Unconscious."
----------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------
problematization of the concept of "structure" in the teaching of Lacan
" What is the structure? Structuralism in mathematics
We can say that an initial approach to the question of the concept of "structure" in Lacanian psychoanalysis should discard the analysis of discourse analysts.
will then clarify and explain its usefulness to self-understanding of structure-what we have when we appeal to it, since the uniqueness of the concept or unambiguous reference can be systematically challenged. Then try to locate some landmarks, primarily in the work of Lacan, to carry out our purpose, we anticipate: incomplete.
The psychoanalytic clinic should include not only question the analysis, but analysts question, "Lacan held in the" Opening of the clinical section. Why not start interrogating him?
We do the term structure a we can authorize employment in Claude Levi - Strauss "said Lacan understood 1960.1 What Lévi - Strauss structure? In the introduction to his" Structural Anthropology ", Levi - Strauss Durkheim quoted today saying the following observation (1900): "Certainly the events that concern the structure are somewhat more stable than the functional phenomena, however, between the two orders of fact there are only differences of degree. The structure itself is in the future ... Is formed and decomposes steadily, is the life that has reached a certain degree of consolidation, and distinguish it from the life she determines equivalent to dissociate inseparable. "2 Thus," only the system is structured to meet two conditions: a system regulated by an internal cohesion, and this cohesion, inaccessible to observation of an isolated system, is revealed in the study of the transformations through which it is possible to find similar properties in apparently different systems ".3
We will not stop the development of structuralism itself, but simply try to reflect on some slots based on the concept Lacan of structure, as discussed below, it is wrong to relate to the French structuralist without more, not after decade of `70 in the development of their teaching.
Back to the "comment on the report of Daniel Lagache" which is the text of 1960 that we cited more arriba4. Lacan in that letter and slips some differences with the concepts of Levi - Strauss says the drink. Enter the category of the mathematical set by subtracting the concept of "structure" one of its pillars: the notion of totality.
set the category to enter, is our agreement, because it avoids the implications of all or debugged. But this is not to say that their items are not isolable, or summable: at least, if we look at the notion Set any guarantee rigor that is on the mathematical theory. "What parts are in turn structured" shall mean then that they themselves are susceptible to symbolize all the relationships defined for the set, which go far beyond his distinction and his meeting, however opening. The elements are defined actually there the possibility of being raised in terms of subsets as covering any relationship defined for the whole possibility that the essential feature is not limited by any natural hierarchy "5.
read in the" Observation on the report ...": "pretend that the transcendental aesthetic has to be redone for the time when the language has been introduced in science undeniable status: with the structure defined by the articulation of the signifier as such. "6 It is clear that here the joint structure is significant as such, since it is" original machine that puts it on stage the subject. "7. The significant joint-structure, is then the condition of production of the subject in language much effect.
is also in this text which criticizes the Kantian conception of aesthetic Transcendental essential to understand another of the definitions that arise from the structure Lacan, this time in relation to the Borromean knot: "This is (...) (...) a structure that completely changes the scope of the word space in the sense that is used in the Transcendental Aesthetic "8. Why? Because much of the effort that is the core teaching is geared to drive borromeano9 thinking beyond the imaginary, beyond the body. The question the Transcendental Aesthetic knots and, therefore, the Cartesian coordinates, the Imaginary. "Knots in the complication, is very suitable for us to relativize the intended three dimensions of space, based only on the translation we do to our body in a volume of solid "10 says Lacan.
To return to space, seems to really be part of the unconscious structured like a language, "11 says later, is that space is inseparable from the structure so defined.
While disputes brought up here can not be denied, however, some points of continuity of Lacanian thought and structuralism which is associated with the work of Althusser, Barthes, Foucault, Jakobson, Levi - Strauss, etc. "combinatorial structure replaces metaphysical discourse of the essence, the analysis of phenomena in terms of positions and try to invalidate relations empiricism, meaning is conceived as an effect of the structure and operation of shift positions. "12 The horizon of our is precisely this question: Have we "ontologized" structure?
clinical structures and the epistemological problem of definition
us return to the clinic, a field that generated the questions raised here. What do we mean by hysterical or obsessional structure, for example? The epistemological problem of clinical types is addressed in the production of Lacan in the decade of `70. Examples of this concern is their "Autocomentario" 1973 and "Introduction to the German edition of a first volume of the writings" of the same year. Thus, in the first of these articles says: "The issue begins the fact that there are types of symptoms, ie knots, which is a clinic, a clinic that is before the speech analytic (...) analysis, discourse, the idea of \u200b\u200bthe symptom as knot sheds some light on this clinic before? "13. And he asks later in the same text:" There is everything? If I have spoken of the clinical types, was not without reason. I would like to make an observation, is that the subject of a hysterical or obsessive-type according to clinical-old, no use to others of the same type. "14 The problem, perhaps opaque at first glance, is that if there is only the particular analysis (And if the enjoyment is written uniquely) and if "that responds to the same structure does not necessarily have the same meaning," 15 how to transmit psychoanalytic knowledge generalizable to this mismatch in their midst? How to account formally for a clinic that part of the Real that is, by definition, an impossible sense? Is not Lacan's work, if not all, most, a great effort to formalize a knowledge to make it transmissible? 16
is at this impasse where Lacanian heuristic comes into its relief and showing at fault shown dam castration also hovering the theory itself. With his concept of not - all the places Lacan Real gravitation as a theory itself in the move she made to apprehend him, pointing out the logical problem of truth in science: there is Everything, the whole Universal is the first proved.
structure as a hole: the absence of sex ratio and Borromean knots. Scriptures of the Real
Where does this leave the concept of structure? If we stop for example in the conceptualization of psychosis in the last period of Lacan's work, and not so much that in psychosis "something missing", which would lead to draw the conclusion that the structure is psychotic no evidence of a relationship with a significante17, but it is something you have enrolled different than the neuroses and perversions. This is a Real "remains enigma, until the analysis is not unhook the spring pseudo - sex: that is real that is part (...) neurosis, perversion, or psychosis." 18 The clinical structures is proposed here as various forms of inscription and writing-of the Real, and positioning before the castration, lack, the hole, the sex ratio.
insist: Where is then the concept of structure? "My dear structure proves to be (...) Borromean knot" 19 Lacan responds to us, but it is clear that we have stuck away from structuralism beaches year `60.
"The actual structure is what comes up in the language. And of course has nothing to do with the" good form, "" 20 he argues in "The atolondradicho." "My topology is made of a substance that is beyond reality that they are motivated to practice. It is not theory. But you must realize that, cuts of the speech, there are those that modify the structure to which Originally it welcomes "21 adds a few lines later. Note here that the well defined structure can be modified. This is not to say that there is a chance of passage between the structures of neurosis and psychosis for example, but it is indisputable that we can detect traces cross mixed up between them. Then
"topology is not" sent to do to orient "in the structure. She is the structure: as feedback on the order of the chain that is the language." 22
And one last dip in the cumbersome text: "it is clear that in terms of significance, that" is captured "in the subphrase, seudomodal, fishing is the same as a verb object wrapped in its grammatical subject, and that effect is no false sense of imagination induced resonance topology, depending on the effect of subject (...) is "mirror". Here we must distinguish the ambiguity register with the significance, or cutting the ribbon, and the suggestion of hole, ie, structure, that this ambiguity makes sense "23 says Lacan and footnote reads:" I hope that here see that the allocation of structuralism, understood as understanding the world, one more in the guignol (from fr. Puppet) with which we represent "literary history" (...), it not what I meet. "24 explicit detachment here. It is clear then that there is "structuralism" but "structure".
a particular subject and in particular a network of structures
begin this article to guide our inquiry into the analysis of discourse analysts to refer to "the" structure as if it were obvious, its definition remains a truism. Have we not surreptitiously but steadily sliding into a ontologization-structure? Have we fallen into a new essentialism which implicitly assumes that "the" structure is a kind of invisible architecture that is inside of someone?
Against the reification of a structure-let alone the unconscious, Lacan reflects, "there is the question-and how-to would not arise if indeed the structure is punctuated by the Other's desire (...), if the subject is born and included in the language (...) and already determined in his unconscious by the Other's desire, why not have in all this a certain solidarity? The unconscious does not preclude, if the unconscious is that structure, the structure of language (...) the recognition of the desire of the Other as such, in other words the network-network structure from which the subject is a particular given it is conceivable that communicate with other structures: the structures of the parents, by the way, and why not, if necessary, with those structures that are a stranger, however little, says Freud, that his attention is thus a little on the other hand, "25 says Lacan in relation to health floating freely.
Why do not we have highlighted the concept of network structure, for example, while being more consistent with the concepts developed in the "first part" of Lacan's work (such as "the unconscious is the discourse of the Other", " desire is the desire of the Other ", or" the unconscious is structured like a language ") that uniquely refers to" the "structure?
we be sure then to assert that the unconscious structured like a language is not "inside" one (the language too), and topology goes to show that, to be relevant systematic and detailed review, not as the one described here, understand what by quoting Lacan structure, looking more appropriate to refer to various types and levels of structure, in different strata of different power structure and structuring such an event, including perhaps the concept of Tyche, "in the register of the Real you can print a shift in the structuring of the psyche, especially in childhood and adolescence, why not in vital moments of any subjectivity, neurotic, psychotic or perverse.
As you can go from the development of this text, not the status differential structuring the different subjectivities (neurosis, psychosis, perversion) have what is questioned, but the accentuation of closed points of the structures, limit points and closure points instead of open, supplementarity, the possibility of difference. Is not this the definition of significant?
might think that the methodological and clinical value of certain structuralist thought is not affected by the non - ontological value. It is in this line of work we like to think the various inscriptions of the Real, emphasizing the writing of the differences. Bibliography
reference
Albano, S., Levit, A., Rosenberg, L. Dictionary of Semiotics, Ed Quadrata.
Castoriadis, C. The analysis, design and elucidation, Ed New Vision.
Derrida, J. "Structure, sign and play in the discourse of human sciences," in Writing and Difference, ed Anthropos.
Erasmus of Rotterdam, The Praise of Folly, Ed Altaya.
Godoy, C. "The rib of the signifier. Clinical and detail: the phenomenon and structure in psychosis," in R. Mazzuca et al. Psychoses, and structure phenomenon, Ed Bergasse 19.
Goldschmit, M. Jacques Derrida, an introduction, Ed New Vision.
Grannon - Lafont, J. The basic topology of Jacques Lacan, Ediciones Nueva Vision.
Grannon - Lafont, J. Topology and Lacanian psychoanalytic clinic, Ediciones Nueva Vision.
Harari, R. What is the name James Joyce? From "The sinthome" Lacan Amorrortu Editors.
Lacan, J. The seminar, book 3, psychoses (1955-56), Ed
Lacan, J. "From a preliminary to any possible treatment of psychosis" (1957-58), in Writings 2, Siglo XXI Ed.
Lacan, J. "Comment on the report of Daniel Lagache:" Psychoanalysis and personality structure, "in Writings 2, Siglo XXI Ed.
Lacan, J." Responding to a student of philosophy on object of psychoanalysis "(1966), in the place of the analyst, Ed Universidad de Los Andes.
Lacan, J. The Seminar, Book 20, Even (1972-73), Ed
Lacan, J." The thoughtless, the atolondradicho or turns these "(1972), in Scansion 1, Ed
Lacan, J. Introduction to the German edition of a first volume of the Writings (1973), One by One World Magazine Psychoanalysis, American Edition, Spring 95, 42, Ed Eolia.
Lacan, J. "Autocomentario. Intervention in the congress of the Grande - Motte "(1973), One by One, World Journal of Psychoanalysis, Latin American Edition Summer 96, 43, Ed Eolia.
Lacan, J. The seminar, book 21, The names of the parent or unwary Non err (1974-75), unpublished.
Lacan, J. "The third" in speeches and articles 2 (1974), Spring Ed.
Lacan, J. Psychoanalysis. Radio and TV (1974), Ed Anagram.
Lacan, J. "London Conference", in Issues in the theory and technique, Ed University of the Andes.
Lacan, J. The seminar, book 22, RSI (1975-76), unpublished.
Lacan, J. "Joyce the Symptom I" (1975), One by One, World Journal of Psychoanalysis, American Edition, Fall 97, 44, Ed Eolia.
Lacan, J. "Joyce the Symptom II" (1975), One by One, World Journal of Psychoanalysis, American Edition, Spring 97, 45, Ed Eolia.
Lacan, J. The seminar, book 23, The sinthome (1976-77), unpublished.
Lacan, J. The seminar, book 24, L'inputs that binds bévue sait de l'Sail to Mourre (1977-78), unpublished.
Le Guen, C. The practice of psychoanalytic method Gedisa Ed.
Levi - Strauss, C. "Structural analysis in linguistics and anthropology," in Structural Anthropology, Ed Eudeba.
Lévi - Strauss C. "Introduction", in Structural Anthropology, Ed Eudeba.
Miller, JA "action structure" in mathematics I, Spring Ed.
Miller, JA "The suture. Elements of the logic of the signifier" in the place of the analyst, Ed Universidad de Los Andes.
Miller, JA "Structure", in Elucidation of Lacan, Ed Eol - Paidós.
Nicolini, S. (Eds). Levi - Strauss, Barthes, Moles et al. Structural analysis, Center for Latin American Editor.
Pasqualini, G. "Fantasy and the ghost" in knots. Writing real, Ed Letra Viva.
Piaget, J. "Using structures in social studies, "in Structuralism, Ed Proteus.
Porge, E." The imbroglio of failure "in Littoral 4. Approaches topological Editorial Tower abolished.
Porge, E." nodal writing "in Littoral 4. Approaches topological Editorial Tower abolished.
Robey, D. Introduction to structuralism, Alianza Editorial.
Rodulfo, R." Serial and supplement "in Psychoanalysis again. Elements for the deconstruction of traditional psychoanalysis, Ed Eudeba.
Sánchez, F. "Structure in Psychoanalysis", in psychosis. Clinical considerations. Logic and Topology, Ed Light.
Sánchez, F. "No - everything. Inconsistency of the Other. Foundations of Frege natural numbers" in psychosis. Clinical considerations. Logic and Topology, Ed Light.
Sciarretta, R. "From informal psychoanalysis Matesis - matheme," Journal of Psychology Argentina, Year X, No. 26, Publication of the Association of Psychologists of Buenos Aires.
Thion, S., Levi - Strauss, C., Barthes, R., Godelier, M. Approach to Structuralism, Ed Galerna.
Vallejo, A. For an epistemology of psychoanalysis, Ed Seibal.
Wahl, F. What is structuralism? Ed Losada.
Correspondence
Ignacio Iglesias Butts
E-mail: ignaiglesias@yahoo.com.ar
1Lacan, J. "Comment on the report of Daniel Lagache:" Psychoanalysis and personality structure ", in" Writings 2 ", Ed Siglo XXI, pg. 628.
2 Levi-Strauss," Structural Anthropology ", Ed Eudeba p. . XXXIV.
3 Levi-Strauss, "Structural Anthropology", Ed Eudeba, pg. XXXV.
4 It is appropriate that we refer here to a previous text we chose to begin our brief analysis. This is the chapter "The significant, as such, means nothing in Chapter XIV of the seminar" psychosis "(1955-56). It notes the idea supplementarity open relationship and the dynamics of the structure, concepts that aim at flexibility in the proposed structural analysis.
5Lacan, J. "Comment on the report of Daniel Lagache:" Psychoanalysis and personality structure ", in Writings 2, ed Siglo XXI, pg. 628.
6 Lacan, J. "Comment on the report of Daniel Lagache:" Psychoanalysis and personality structure ", in Writings 2, ed Siglo XXI, pg. 629. Ditto
7 above.
8 Lacan, J. The seminar, book XXI, "The names of the father" or "Non-err unwary" (1973 - 74), unpublished, p.. 38. Ditto
9 above, p.. 40.
10 Lacan, J. The seminar, book XX, Even (1972-73), Ed, pg. 161. Ditto
11 above, p.. 163.
12 Goldschmit, M. "Some structural features," in "Jacques Derrida, an introduction", Ed New Vision, pg. 17.
13Lacan, J. "Autocomentario" One by One in the World Journal of Psychoanalysis, American Edition, No. 43, pg. 18.
14 ditto above.
15 Lacan, J. "Introduction to the German edition of a first volume of the Writings "digital version, pg. 4 (Print version: One by One, World Review of Psychoanalysis, Latin American Edition, No. 42).
16 In the way of formalizing the Real, note that the knot of three "is also a writing" (Lacan, J. The Seminar, Book XXI, "The names of the father" or "Non-dupes err" (1973 - 74), unpublished, p.. 122 ) and what can be written in logical knots are made, ie, the condition of enjoyment "(Lacan, J. The Seminar, Book XX, Even (1972-73), Ed, pp. 157 and 160) .
17 Both at the Seminar 3 as "From a preliminary ..." Lacan understands the psychosis so deficient, that is, as the result of the absence of a very particular signifier, the Name - the - Father, following the "defect of metaphor symbolic "(Lacan, J." From a preliminary to any possible treatment of psychosis ", in Writings 2, ed Siglo XXI, pg. 546), ie the paternal metaphor. "Psychosis is a hole in a free kick wide of the signifier" (Lacan, J. The Seminar, Book III, "psychosis", pg. 287). It should be noted here that this absence implies a surplus on the other side: the pleasure that is clear from the positive signs of psychosis, delusions and hallucinations.
18 Lacan, J. Psychoanalysis. Radio and TV (1974), Ed Anagrama, pg. 93.
19 Lacan, J. The seminar, book XXI, "The names of the father" or "Non-dupes err" (1973 - 74), unpublished, p.. 98.
20 Lacan, J. "The thoughtless, the atolondradicho or turns these" (1972), in Scansion 1, Ed, pg. 48. 21ídem
previous page. 49. The italics are ours. Ditto
22 above, p.. 55. Ditto
23 above, p.. 56. The italics are ours. Ditto
24 above.
25Lacan, J. The seminar, book XXI, "The names of the father" or "Non-dupes err" (1973 - 74), unpublished, p.. 28 and 29. The italics are ours.
----------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------
© 2009 Latin American Union of Psychology Entities (ULAPSI)
publicacion@psicolatina.org.
Friday, February 20, 2009
Wednesday, January 7, 2009
The Rock Deoderant Toronto Nutrition House
Lacan: Overview of the transference neurosis
Sigmund Freud Source: http://www.cartapsi.org/revista/no1/freud1.htm
German Translation: José Luis González Fernández
Proofreading: Karin Gomez Frode
thank Subjectivity and Culture magazine and those who do (Mario Campuzano, Enrique and Miguel Guinsberg Matrajt), have kindly provided the text for publication in Freud Psychoanalytic
Contents Letter
After making a detailed examination, attempting to summarize characters, marking comparatively each time.
The moments are: repression, substitutive formations and symptoms, contrainvestidura, accounting regarding sexual function, regression, provision. Restrict neurosis three types: anxiety hysteria, conversion hysteria and obsessional neurosis.
a) Repression- Found in three types neurosis on the border of the systems unconscious and preconscious. Consists of the removal or denial of the endowment preconscious, secured by a sort of contrainvestidura. In obsessional neurosis, in most states later, the contrainvestidura moves to the preconscious-conscious border.
Play 6 that the next group enforcement is a different topic, then it also expands the concept of cleavage.
topical point of view should not be overrated in the sense that any relationship between the two systems can be locked 5llegar appreciation for that. It will thus be essential for meditation, among which elements this obstacle introduced. Success and Completion
are interrelated by the fact that the Rep ion failure requires further efforts. The success varies according to the 3 neurosis and each of its individual stages.
The child's success (it produces) in anxiety hysteria corresponding to the failure to establish any kind of representation> representanz < preconsciente y (consciente): Más tarde en lugar de la indecente > intolerable < un sustituto se toma preconsciente y consciente. Finalmente la formación de fobias alcanza su objetivo inhibiendo los afectos displacenteros mediante > a < gran renuncia, intentos de escape.
> The < propósito de la represión es siempre evitar al displacer. El destino de la representación (repraesentanz) es sólo ser señal de proceso. El aparente desmontaje (separación) del proceso de defensa en representación > Vorstellung < y afecto (representación) > repaesentanz < y factor cuantitativo). De aquí se produce precisamente, que la represión en > the wort < denegación de la palabra > < se sostenga, por lo tanto, el carácter tópico de la represión.
In
Vorstellung obsessional neurosis, the success> of repression < es inicialmente completo, pero de ningún modo permanente. Proceso aún menos concluido. Este prosigue luego de una primera fase exitosa a través de dos fases ulteriores. La primera (represión secundaria, formación de la representación obsesiva, > Vorstellungen Vorstellung < lucha entre representaciones obsesivas) > < así como también la histeria de angustia se conforma contabilidad formaciones sustitutivas, más adelante (terciaria) > is < produce una renuncia y limitación correspondiente a las de la fobia, pero a diferencia de ésta, trabaja contabilidad recursos lógicos. Por lo contrario el éxito > < en la histeria de conversión es completo desde un inicio, pero adquirido mediante una formación sustitutiva. Este proceso del singular mecanismo de represión tiende a ser más completo.
repression
Contrainvestidura
In anxiety hysteria> the contrainvestidura < primero está ausente. Pura tentativa de escape y se dirige luego > to < representaciones sustitutivas > Vorstellungen < y se establece especialmente en la tercera fase en un rodeo de las mismas para asegurar desde ahí la liberación del displacer en calidad de vigilancia y atención. Representa la acción del preconsciente, así como del esfuerzo que la neurosis cuesta.
In obsessional neurosis, where from the beginning it is a defense against an ambivalent impulse> is < nos brinda la primera represión exitosa, posteriormente se producen formaciones reactivas gracias a la ambivalencia. Se da entonces en la tercer fase la atención que es característica de la neurosis obsesiva y proporciona el trabajo lógico, así en la fase dos y tres como lo es en la angustia a diferencia de la fase uno en donde la angustia nada produce, en la neurosis obsesiva se produce todo. Ella siempre asegura a la represión una correspondiente acción del preconsciente.
The hysteria
facilitates a more fortunate because the search from the beginning contrainvestiduras a meeting instinctual endowments accounts to link to it on a compromise, which determines the choice of representation> Repraesentanz <.
substitutive formation and symptom formation.
is for the return of the repressed, and the failure of repression. For a given period are differentiated, later run together. Most conjunction
occurs in conversion hysteria: substitute = symptom, just separated. Likewise, in anxiety hysteria, alternative education provides the first return of the repressed.
In obsessional neurosis are clearly different in the fact that the first alternative training comes from the suppression of contrainvestidura and is not considered as a symptom. However, delayed symptoms of obsessional neurosis are essentially> a < retorno de lo reprimido, siendo en ellos menor la acción de la represión.
The formation of symptoms, where part of our study, accounting always match the return of the repressed and accounting produces the help of the regression and the fittings that are available.
A general law states that the regression back to the setting and from there force the return of the repressed.
Sexual Function Value accounting.
For this continues to hold the drive motion before long repressed as a libidinal drive belonging to the sex life, while the repression of the I for several reasons, which can be summarized as I can (because of sobrefuerza) or unwilling . This refers to incompatible accounting ideals of self or other harm feared by the ego. This fundamental aspect is overshadowed by two points: the first, often has the appearance that the crackdown was spurred by the conflict of two motions, both libidinal and is particularly frequent and clear.
This is diluted after the consideration that one of these is ego-syntonic and conflict may request assistance from the resulting suppression of the ego.
The second, between the repressed libidinal aspirations not only find but also aspirations of the self clearly and often in states accounting longest and most advanced developed neuroses. The latter is 1ocaliza so that the repressed instinctual impulse seeks to impose itself on a detour through an aspiration that I paid him an item, it transfers energy and is carried accounts that> the motion < a la represión, lo que puede llegar a ocurrir en forma masiva. Contabilidad esto no se altera la vigencia de aquella frase > general law <.
above requirement is understandable knowledge out of the very early establishment of the neurosis, hysteria and obsessional neurosis, it is obvious that repression directed against the sexual function in its final form, which purports to represent the right to procreation. Again, as clearly seen in conversion hysteria as there are no complications, first obsessional neurosis is a regression. While not exaggerate this relationship, ie, we do not assume that the suppression takes effect right at this stage of the pro libido otherwise obsessional neurosis argues that the repression is a more general process does not depend on the libido, but directed here towards previous levels. As well as the evolution of development is required repression against evil motions in simple series.
Question. Why the crackdown here is successful and not so in other cases? In the nature of the libidinal aspirations no substitution possible, so that the repression of the normal aspirations are strengthened evil and vice versa. On sexual function repression has no relationship that we strive to be the rejection, so it will be in the regression and in some other destination drive.
relationship with sexual function is less clear in the case of anxiety hysteria towards the reasons we saw when we treat the anxiety. It seems that the anxiety hysteria involves a shift since the requirement sexual instinct, seen as too large, it is rejected as dangerous.
not require any consideration of the organization of the libido. Regression
> < El más interesante momento del destino pulsional. D4esde la histeria de angustia no hay ninguna circunstancia que la adivine. Podría decir que aquí no entra en consideración > is declining <, probablemente debido a que en toda histeria de angustia se retrocede claramente a una infantil (la disposición modelo de la neurosis) y ésta última se manifiesta en una época temprana de la vida. Por el contrario, las otras dos > < constituyen un mejor ejemplo para la regresión, aunque en este punto a regresión desempeña un papel diferente para la estructuración de cada una de las neurosis <:>
transference neurosis
In conversion hysteria and regression is a very strong return to the stage without distinction between preconscious and unconscious, that is, without speech or censorship. The regression will however the formation of symptoms and the return of the repressed, instinctual arousal is not supported by the current self, it uses one previous where you will find a different form of rejection. It has been said that this leads to a form of libidinal regression.
In obsessional neurosis is different. Regression is a regression of libido> < no sirve al retorno > of the repressed that proper < sino a la represión, y es facilitada ante una sólida fijación constitutiva o por un desarrollo incompleto. Cabe aquí el primer paso defensivo hacia la regresión, donde se trata más bien de una regresión > < dicha que de una inhibición del desarrollo, y organización libidinal es sometida en adelante a una represión típica, aunque no exitosa. Una parte de la regresión yoica es impuesta al Yo por la libido, o se produce ante el desarrollo incompleto del Yo, relacionado aquí con la fase libidinal (disociación de las ambivalencias).
F) (available)
Hidden behind the repression are fixing problems and disposal. Regression can say in general terms that extend to a form of fixation, whether in the development of the ego or libido, and this point shows the arrangement. This then is the> point < decisivo, el momento en el que se presenta la decisión por la elección de neurosis. Valdrá entonces la pena extenderse en ello.
fixation is performed through development phase which was marked too hard, or perhaps has lasted too long to pass that as a result completely at the next stage.
clearer ideas of where and what variations exist in fixation, better not ask. But say something about its origin. There is the possibility that these bindings are both brought them clearly as they are given early impressions, or finally, the two factors act simultaneously. Although one can argue that the two moments have a property ubiquity, since all there are constitutional provisions on the child and otherwise effective impressions affect many children in similar ways.
It is about a more or less and an effective meeting. Since no one is inclined to put into question constitutional moments, it falls to defend psychoanalysis accounts force the rights of the procurement functions of early childhood. In obsessional neurosis the time is otherwise establishing more clearly recognized that the accidental conversion hysteria, it must be admitted. The detailed distribution is still uncertain whatever it is.
Where the constitutional moment fixation is considered, not thereby be taken away it just moves to ancient times. For accounting can also be justly assert that inherited dispositions are acquired remains of the ancestors. Accounting crashes here the problem of phylogenetic available behind the individual or ontogenetic, and no contradiction can be found when the individual at their disposal base inherited from past experience adds new provisions of singular importance.
Why should extinguish the setup process on the basis of an experience produced by the individual whose neurosis is scanned? Or what created this provision for their offspring, not purchase it for yourself? .. seem rather a necessary complement.
still not possible to determine to what extent the phylogenetic arrangement may contribute to the understanding of neurosis. Moreover, it is also pertinent that consideration extends beyond the narrow field of transference neurosis.
The final major of the transference neurosis could not be assessed in this scenario, since pro usually do not attract attention, and only through contrast accounts the narcissistic neurosis would be relevant. (This character is in compliance the object. Value of the Self in order) 7.
Alongside this broadening of the horizon would advance to the forefront the relationship of I accounting the object and purpose test would be the common hallmark. Here we allow for some preparation.
I hope the reader, in addition to a nuisance in many paragraphs, has also noticed, as everything is built on a very careful and painstaking observation and holding the same indulgence if ever the critical position back to the fantasy by exposing things that are uncertain only because they are inciting and opened his eyes to the remote.
reach is also legitimate to assume that even the Neurosis must provide testimony about the history of psychic evolution of men. I have demonstrated in the article (on the two principles) that can be attributed to man's sexual competences different from other development trends of the self. The essential reason is that the first group could be satisfied auto-erotically, while I rely on trends since the beginning of the object and this therefore accounts of reality.
Broadly we have grasped what the evolution of human sexual life (three trials for sexual theory). It is more difficult to understand the development of the human self, ie self-preservation functions and the training derived from them. I only know the sole intent of Ferenczi, who use psychoanalytic experiences for that purpose. Of course our job easier if we dilucidáramos the history of the evolution of the self from the other side instead of having to undertake research so far. The impression that accounting is done this is that the evolutionary history of the libido repeated part of the evolution much earlier than that of I, the first may repeat the circumstances of the family of vertebrates, while the other leans towards the history of mankind.
There is now a series which can bind diverse and broad thinking. It arises when the psychoneuroses (not only the transference neurosis) are sorted according to time and the point which come into play in individual lives. So is the story of anguish almost the earliest, followed by conversion hysteria (the fourth year onwards), a little later in prepuberty (9-10) gives way in children with obsessive neurosis. The Narcissistic Neurosis absent in childhood. Of these, the dementia praecox in its classic form is a condition of puberty, the Paranoia is coming to years of maturity, and Melancholy Mania, also at the same time, otherwise undefined.
The series would then be:
Anxiety - Conversion Hysteria - Neurosis Obsessive - Early Dementia - Paranoia - Mania, Melancholia.
fixing provisions for these conditions seem to be also in a series in reverse order (obviously) 8 especially when considering the provision libidinal. Therefore, the later the Neurosis comes into play, the more the need for regredient to earlier libidinal phase. However this is valid only in broad strokes. Conversion hysteria certainly goes against the primacy of the genitals, obsessional neurosis against the state sadistic, finally, the 3 Transfer Neurosis in the first instance against evolution libidinal consummated. Neurosis
narcissistic
But back to previous stages to meet the object. Early Dementia regredient makes a move to auto-eroticism, the Paranoia to narcissistic homosexual object choice, Blues narcissistic identification depends on the accounts on the subject. The differences are in the fact that dementia undoubtedly comes into play before the Paranoia much his willingness to retract behind libidinal and Melancholy Mania "does not allow safe temporary classification. So no one can argue that and temporal order of the psychoneuroses whose existence is positive, is determined by evolution alone libidinal. While this relationship is successful, would be greater between the two opposite character.
accounting is also known that the time of hysteria or obsessional neurosis can develop into dementia, never the reverse. However, phylogenetic another series can be formulated, which is really the same time course of Neurosis. Only this can only gain momentum and agree to establish more of a mid scenario.
Dr. Wittels was the first to propose the idea that the human animal living in an extremely rich in all their needs were covered, half that remains reflected in the original myth of paradise. It is likely that there the periodicity of the libido has been exceeded, which in mammals is still attached.
Ferenczi, already at work rich in thoughts above, exhibited the idea that the further development of primitive man came under the influence of geological targets on earth, and especially the need for ice ages stimulated cultural development. It is generally accepted that the human species existed in the ice age and has experienced the influence during that period.
Taking the idea of \u200b\u200bFerennczi, we are very near the temptation to recognize in the 3 provisions of anxiety hysteria, conversion hysteria and obsessional regressions, the phases which recognizes that once all of humanity must have traveled from beginning to end of ice ages and then all men were then as they are today only a part to the strength of the hereditary predispositions and the new acquisition.
course, these pictures can not fully ensure, as neurosis involves more than the regression in itself brings. She is also the expression of resistance against this regression and a compromise between the archaic and the demands of obsessional neurosis. More than any other, is under the sign of the internal contrasts.
Neurosis then required, while the repression has succeeded in it, play an archaic box. With our first formulation presupposes that humanity, under the influence of the shortcomings imposed by the abrupt ice age, it became generally prone to anxiety. The hitherto essentially friendly outside world that gave any satisfaction, became of massive threatening dangers. Before
everything new all the conditions were ripe for real trouble. Initially, in fact, the sexual libido lost their objects, they are human, though one might think that its very existence threatened, the ego is clear from the burden of maintaining order and libido in the ego becomes what in real trouble object-libido once was. Thus we see that the child distress, as opposed to dissatisfaction, the child becomes object libido in real trouble against the foreign, although it accounts also generally tends to yield and distressed at everything again.
We had a long discussion as to whether the real anguish is anguish before longing, if the child moves in real trouble because his libido is considered dangerous and massive, thus leading to the representation of danger, or before good access to general distress and it accounts also learn to be afraid of their unsatisfied libido.
Our inclination is to accept the first, to give priority eager to anxiety, but we need to do a special provision. We are obliged to explain it as a trend overall infant. The preponderance phylogenetic now clarified the controversy in favor of real distress and allows us to assume that some of the children bring home the anguish of the ice ages, and this also leaves unsatisfied libido treat as an external danger. However, the relative excess of libido would escape that provision and permit the acquisition of our disposition to anxiety. Anyway, the discussion of anxiety hysteria Phylogenetic provision would weigh on all other times considered.
2) Accounting advancement of hard times should be in men threatened in their existence, the conflict between self-preservation and enjoyment of the play that finds expression in most typical case of hysteria. The food then was not enough to allow growth of the hordes, and the strength of the individual was not enough to keep alive many defenseless. Killing babies probably encountered resistance in love, especially narcissistic mothers.
Thus, restricting reproduction became a social obligation. Perverse satisfactions that do not lead to procreation escaped the ban that promoted some regression to the libidinal phase prior to the primacy of the genitals. The limitation should have affected more severely and quickly to women than to men unconcerned about the consequences of abstaining from sexual intercourse.
This whole situation clearly corresponds to the requirements for conversion hysteria. At the same symptoms that a man still talking when pro is an urgent need imposed a ban on breeding, and therefore had not built the system on the Unconscious Pcs. Therefore, the conversion hysteria also returns prepared, especially women, under the influence of the prohibitions they want to rule out genital function, while exciting strong push early impressions genital action.
The subsequent evolution is easy to build .......
3) further development is easy to construct. Corresponded specifically to men. Having learned to save the libido and sexual activity have declined by regressing to a previous phase of intelligence activity took for him a role.
learned to investigate, to understand a little hostile world, and through inventions, to get a grip on it first. Developed under the sign of energy developed the rudiments of language and (probably) attached great importance to new acquisitions.
Language (was a) magic for him, his thoughts seemed omnipotent, understand the world according to his ego. Is the period of the animistic worldview and his magical technique. As a reward for his strength to secure the lives of so many helpless beings, won the (right to a) feudal control over them, (creating) in his personality the idea first two provisions: that he was untouchable (free to be damaged) and that its availability on women could not be discussed.
Towards the end of this period the species was dispersed in droves were dominated nuclear (on line) father, a brutal man, strong and wise. Perhaps the nature selfish, jealous and unscrupulous as the considerations of the psychology of the people attribute to the parent primitive human horde, did not exist from the start but that would be formed during the glacial period as a result hard to adapt to necessity.
characters of this phase of humanity are those who repeat the obsessional neurosis, (although) a negative part as the neurosis through their reaction formations provides an opposition to the return. The sobreacentuación in thinking, the great energy, force feedback, omnipotence thoughts, are features that remain unchanged.
But against the brutal impulses intended to replace the love life, stands in opposition further developments, which libidinal conflict from ending crippling the vital energy of the individual and can only survive to the impulses that are displaced to small submissions under form of obsession.
Thus, this valuable human trait in cultural development, in return succumb to the demands of love life just as the great type of primitive father, who later returns in the form of divinity succumbed to reality to the family relations he created.
4) So far we would come to meet one of the programs provided by Ferenczi to 'unify the accounting neurotic types of regression stages of human history "perhaps not too daring speculative deviations.
However, we lack any relationship to continue accounting narcissistic neuroses manifest themselves later, if no relief comes in the event that the disposition of these was purchased in a second generation, whose evolution leads to a new phase of human culture.
This second generation begins Accounting those children (boys) that the father does not support primitive jealous. We have included elsewhere (1y1) (Toleman and Taboo) and are expelled when they reach puberty. Another solution is cruel observed in the psychoanalytic experience, ie (the primal father) deprived them of their manhood. (Y) and harmless, could remain in the herd work as assistants.
We represent the effect of castration in that primitive time as an extension of libido and an arrest of individual development. This state seems to repeat (se) (en) early democracy, initially in the form of hebephrenia leads to the abandonment of any object of love, the retreat of all the sublime and the return to auto-eroticism. The young guy behaves as if suffered even self-castration castration real is not uncommon in this condition.
should not be taken into account in shaping the phylogenetic picture, other disease characteristics such as language disorders and delusional episodes, as they relate to attempts to cure the many attempts to retrieve the object which in the box the disease are almost more striking in duration than their own regressive manifestations.
The hypothesis of this treatment for children, accounts for a question to be answered the way where does the successor and replacement of the early fathers if they had emerged from their children this way?.
Alkinson already has taken the lead in pointing out that only the older children to fear the persecution of the father, but the other, lower-thinking schematically, through the mediation of the mother, but in essence due to the aging of the father and their need for help, could escape this fate and become the successor to the father.
This preference for the child was completely suppressed in the subsequent social structures and replaced by the more privileged. Although clearly in the myths and stories that have been preserved.
5) Further processing could only occur when children threatened by castration avoid fleeing the and learning to cope with the struggle for existence allying itself.
This generated feelings and social coexistence may be based on homosexual sexual satisfaction. It is quite possible that you can appreciate the heritage of this phase the long-sought provision to homosexuality.
and social sentiments arising from the sublimation of homosexuality we became a world heritage site and base of any society further. But it is clear that this phase involves a return to the paranoia, or rather, against the return of that (phrase) that the paranoia (shun) argue, without missing the secret alliances and the pursuer who plays a key role. In an attempt
pro defend against homosexuality that is the basis of the fraternal organization, the paranoia has to expel from society to attack and destroy their social sublimation.
6) The integration of Melancholy-mania in this context seems to deal with the difficulty can not be precisely established normal age for the onset of this condition neurotic individual. However, it is safer than it belongs more to the age of maturity to childhood. On the property
alternating depression and elation, it's hard not then send us a similar succession of allegory and mourning that makes up regularly throughout the ceremony. Mourning the death of God, joy in his resurrection.
But, as we intuit through the data of the psychology of peoples religious ritual that repeats itself, now in reverse, the behavior of members of the fraternal clan after killing and had vanquished primal father: his triumph over death and mourning for him, as everyone had revered as a model.
Thus, this major event in the history of mankind that ended the primal horde and replaced by the victorious fraternal organization, would seem to provide a predisposition to particular succession of mind that we recognize as a special narcissistic condition, along with the paraphrenia.
Mourning for the primal father comes from identification with him and we have shown that this identification is provided for the mechanism of melancholia.
We can say that in short, whether the provisions at 3 transference neurosis have been acquired in the struggle against the hardships of the ice age, then the bindings that are in the origin of the narcissistic neurosis arising from harassment exercised by the father, who at the end of the Ice Age, continues against the second generation who had assumed the role.
As the first phase derives fight patriarchal culture, the second is social, but both are derived return fixations that millennia later, become as provision for two groups of neurosis.
So in this sense also the neurosis is a cultural acquisition. If the parallels we have noted that a comparison is more playful and to what extent can solve puzzles unresolved neurosis, clarify what further investigations and new experiences.
The time has come to think of some objections that warn us that we should not overestimate the deductions reached. At first it will be evident that the second set of provisions, the second generation, could be acquired only by men (and boys), while that dementia praecox, paranoia and melancholy are also produced by women.
in primitive times women have lived with even more dissimilar to those of today. Therefore, these provisions have a difficulty which is free the first series, appear to have been acquired under conditions that preclude the inheritance.
Clearly castrated and intimidated the children have no access to reproduction, so it is not transmitted predisposition (dementia praecox). But the mental state of children expelled related (through) homosexuality, can have an influence on generations following, as sterile as lateral branches of the family is extinct until it has triumphed over the father.
But if this triumph is achieved constitutes experience across generations that is not the necessary multiplication to recognize indefinitely. As one might think, not be intimidated by the data of land so dark. At bottom, the difficulty is identical to one filed earlier: as we continue the brutal father of the ice age, who was not immortal, divine image in a post.
arises again the youngest son will become a father. Without him neutered, knows the fate of his older brothers and fears for himself, must tempted to flee as the most fortunate and give them (also) to women.
Thus, the side of the infertile men discarded, is a succession of other men who always carry in his person the destinations male, which can transmit such provisions (hereditary). Remains the essential, for it (the youngest) the need of the times is replaced by coercion from the parent.
The triumph over the father should be raised and fantasy in the course of many generations before it gets done. The spread on women of the provisions created by coercion seem to be a father more serious difficulty.
The fate of the women in those remote times remain veiled by a particularly dark. Could have existed even living conditions that we have not recognized. However, the point that we can overcome the biggest problem is that we must not forget human bisexuality.
Thus, women can receive the dispositions acquired by man and even highlight them itself. With all these arguments is clear that we can not at the bottom nothing more than having stolen our scientific fantasies absurd accusation.
Overall, retain their value as healthy disappointment, if perhaps we aimed to locate the available phylogenetic above everything else.
development is such that constant proportions, perhaps regulated archaic constitutions resume in the new individual and that because of conflict with the demands of reality turn into neurosis.
There is room for new acquisitions and influences that we do not. So we are not the end but the beginning of the phylogenetic understanding of these factors.
Sigmund Freud Source: http://www.cartapsi.org/revista/no1/freud1.htm
German Translation: José Luis González Fernández
Proofreading: Karin Gomez Frode
thank Subjectivity and Culture magazine and those who do (Mario Campuzano, Enrique and Miguel Guinsberg Matrajt), have kindly provided the text for publication in Freud Psychoanalytic
Contents Letter
After making a detailed examination, attempting to summarize characters, marking comparatively each time.
The moments are: repression, substitutive formations and symptoms, contrainvestidura, accounting regarding sexual function, regression, provision. Restrict neurosis three types: anxiety hysteria, conversion hysteria and obsessional neurosis.
a) Repression- Found in three types neurosis on the border of the systems unconscious and preconscious. Consists of the removal or denial of the endowment preconscious, secured by a sort of contrainvestidura. In obsessional neurosis, in most states later, the contrainvestidura moves to the preconscious-conscious border.
Play 6 that the next group enforcement is a different topic, then it also expands the concept of cleavage.
topical point of view should not be overrated in the sense that any relationship between the two systems can be locked 5llegar appreciation for that. It will thus be essential for meditation, among which elements this obstacle introduced. Success and Completion
are interrelated by the fact that the Rep ion failure requires further efforts. The success varies according to the 3 neurosis and each of its individual stages.
The child's success (it produces) in anxiety hysteria corresponding to the failure to establish any kind of representation> representanz < preconsciente y (consciente): Más tarde en lugar de la indecente > intolerable < un sustituto se toma preconsciente y consciente. Finalmente la formación de fobias alcanza su objetivo inhibiendo los afectos displacenteros mediante > a < gran renuncia, intentos de escape.
> The < propósito de la represión es siempre evitar al displacer. El destino de la representación (repraesentanz) es sólo ser señal de proceso. El aparente desmontaje (separación) del proceso de defensa en representación > Vorstellung < y afecto (representación) > repaesentanz < y factor cuantitativo). De aquí se produce precisamente, que la represión en > the wort < denegación de la palabra > < se sostenga, por lo tanto, el carácter tópico de la represión.
In
Vorstellung obsessional neurosis, the success> of repression < es inicialmente completo, pero de ningún modo permanente. Proceso aún menos concluido. Este prosigue luego de una primera fase exitosa a través de dos fases ulteriores. La primera (represión secundaria, formación de la representación obsesiva, > Vorstellungen Vorstellung < lucha entre representaciones obsesivas) > < así como también la histeria de angustia se conforma contabilidad formaciones sustitutivas, más adelante (terciaria) > is < produce una renuncia y limitación correspondiente a las de la fobia, pero a diferencia de ésta, trabaja contabilidad recursos lógicos. Por lo contrario el éxito > < en la histeria de conversión es completo desde un inicio, pero adquirido mediante una formación sustitutiva. Este proceso del singular mecanismo de represión tiende a ser más completo.
repression
Contrainvestidura
In anxiety hysteria> the contrainvestidura < primero está ausente. Pura tentativa de escape y se dirige luego > to < representaciones sustitutivas > Vorstellungen < y se establece especialmente en la tercera fase en un rodeo de las mismas para asegurar desde ahí la liberación del displacer en calidad de vigilancia y atención. Representa la acción del preconsciente, así como del esfuerzo que la neurosis cuesta.
In obsessional neurosis, where from the beginning it is a defense against an ambivalent impulse> is < nos brinda la primera represión exitosa, posteriormente se producen formaciones reactivas gracias a la ambivalencia. Se da entonces en la tercer fase la atención que es característica de la neurosis obsesiva y proporciona el trabajo lógico, así en la fase dos y tres como lo es en la angustia a diferencia de la fase uno en donde la angustia nada produce, en la neurosis obsesiva se produce todo. Ella siempre asegura a la represión una correspondiente acción del preconsciente.
The hysteria
facilitates a more fortunate because the search from the beginning contrainvestiduras a meeting instinctual endowments accounts to link to it on a compromise, which determines the choice of representation> Repraesentanz <.
substitutive formation and symptom formation.
is for the return of the repressed, and the failure of repression. For a given period are differentiated, later run together. Most conjunction
occurs in conversion hysteria: substitute = symptom, just separated. Likewise, in anxiety hysteria, alternative education provides the first return of the repressed.
In obsessional neurosis are clearly different in the fact that the first alternative training comes from the suppression of contrainvestidura and is not considered as a symptom. However, delayed symptoms of obsessional neurosis are essentially> a < retorno de lo reprimido, siendo en ellos menor la acción de la represión.
The formation of symptoms, where part of our study, accounting always match the return of the repressed and accounting produces the help of the regression and the fittings that are available.
A general law states that the regression back to the setting and from there force the return of the repressed.
Sexual Function Value accounting.
For this continues to hold the drive motion before long repressed as a libidinal drive belonging to the sex life, while the repression of the I for several reasons, which can be summarized as I can (because of sobrefuerza) or unwilling . This refers to incompatible accounting ideals of self or other harm feared by the ego. This fundamental aspect is overshadowed by two points: the first, often has the appearance that the crackdown was spurred by the conflict of two motions, both libidinal and is particularly frequent and clear.
This is diluted after the consideration that one of these is ego-syntonic and conflict may request assistance from the resulting suppression of the ego.
The second, between the repressed libidinal aspirations not only find but also aspirations of the self clearly and often in states accounting longest and most advanced developed neuroses. The latter is 1ocaliza so that the repressed instinctual impulse seeks to impose itself on a detour through an aspiration that I paid him an item, it transfers energy and is carried accounts that> the motion < a la represión, lo que puede llegar a ocurrir en forma masiva. Contabilidad esto no se altera la vigencia de aquella frase > general law <.
above requirement is understandable knowledge out of the very early establishment of the neurosis, hysteria and obsessional neurosis, it is obvious that repression directed against the sexual function in its final form, which purports to represent the right to procreation. Again, as clearly seen in conversion hysteria as there are no complications, first obsessional neurosis is a regression. While not exaggerate this relationship, ie, we do not assume that the suppression takes effect right at this stage of the pro libido otherwise obsessional neurosis argues that the repression is a more general process does not depend on the libido, but directed here towards previous levels. As well as the evolution of development is required repression against evil motions in simple series.
Question. Why the crackdown here is successful and not so in other cases? In the nature of the libidinal aspirations no substitution possible, so that the repression of the normal aspirations are strengthened evil and vice versa. On sexual function repression has no relationship that we strive to be the rejection, so it will be in the regression and in some other destination drive.
relationship with sexual function is less clear in the case of anxiety hysteria towards the reasons we saw when we treat the anxiety. It seems that the anxiety hysteria involves a shift since the requirement sexual instinct, seen as too large, it is rejected as dangerous.
not require any consideration of the organization of the libido. Regression
> < El más interesante momento del destino pulsional. D4esde la histeria de angustia no hay ninguna circunstancia que la adivine. Podría decir que aquí no entra en consideración > is declining <, probablemente debido a que en toda histeria de angustia se retrocede claramente a una infantil (la disposición modelo de la neurosis) y ésta última se manifiesta en una época temprana de la vida. Por el contrario, las otras dos > < constituyen un mejor ejemplo para la regresión, aunque en este punto a regresión desempeña un papel diferente para la estructuración de cada una de las neurosis <:>
transference neurosis
In conversion hysteria and regression is a very strong return to the stage without distinction between preconscious and unconscious, that is, without speech or censorship. The regression will however the formation of symptoms and the return of the repressed, instinctual arousal is not supported by the current self, it uses one previous where you will find a different form of rejection. It has been said that this leads to a form of libidinal regression.
In obsessional neurosis is different. Regression is a regression of libido> < no sirve al retorno > of the repressed that proper < sino a la represión, y es facilitada ante una sólida fijación constitutiva o por un desarrollo incompleto. Cabe aquí el primer paso defensivo hacia la regresión, donde se trata más bien de una regresión > < dicha que de una inhibición del desarrollo, y organización libidinal es sometida en adelante a una represión típica, aunque no exitosa. Una parte de la regresión yoica es impuesta al Yo por la libido, o se produce ante el desarrollo incompleto del Yo, relacionado aquí con la fase libidinal (disociación de las ambivalencias).
F) (available)
Hidden behind the repression are fixing problems and disposal. Regression can say in general terms that extend to a form of fixation, whether in the development of the ego or libido, and this point shows the arrangement. This then is the> point < decisivo, el momento en el que se presenta la decisión por la elección de neurosis. Valdrá entonces la pena extenderse en ello.
fixation is performed through
clearer ideas of where and what variations exist in
It is about a more or less and an effective meeting. Since no one is inclined to put into question constitutional moments, it falls to defend psychoanalysis accounts force the rights of the procurement functions of early childhood. In obsessional neurosis the time is otherwise establishing more clearly recognized that the accidental conversion hysteria, it must be admitted. The detailed distribution is still uncertain
Where the constitutional moment fixation is considered, not thereby be taken away it just moves to ancient times. For accounting can also be justly assert that inherited dispositions are acquired remains of the ancestors. Accounting crashes here the problem of phylogenetic available behind the individual or ontogenetic, and no contradiction can be found when the individual at their disposal base inherited from past experience adds new provisions of singular importance.
Why should extinguish the setup process on the basis of an experience produced by the individual whose neurosis is scanned? Or what created this provision for their offspring, not purchase it for yourself? ..
still not possible to determine to what extent the phylogenetic arrangement may contribute to the understanding of neurosis. Moreover, it is also pertinent that consideration extends beyond the narrow field of transference neurosis.
The final major of the transference neurosis could not be assessed in this scenario, since pro usually do not attract attention, and only through contrast accounts the narcissistic neurosis would be relevant. (This character is in compliance the object. Value of the Self in order) 7.
Alongside this broadening of the horizon would advance to the forefront the relationship of I accounting the object and purpose test would be the common hallmark. Here we allow for some preparation.
I hope the reader, in addition to a nuisance in many paragraphs, has also noticed, as everything is built on a very careful and painstaking observation and holding the same indulgence if ever the critical position back to the fantasy by exposing things that are uncertain only because they are inciting and opened his eyes to the remote.
reach is also legitimate to assume that even the Neurosis must provide testimony about the history of psychic evolution of men. I have demonstrated in the article (on the two principles) that can be attributed to man's sexual competences different from other development trends of the self. The essential reason is that the first group could be satisfied auto-erotically, while I rely on trends since the beginning of the object and this therefore accounts of reality.
Broadly we have grasped what the evolution of human sexual life (three trials for sexual theory). It is more difficult to understand the development of the human self, ie self-preservation functions and the training derived from them. I only know the sole intent of Ferenczi, who use psychoanalytic experiences for that purpose. Of course our job easier if we dilucidáramos the history of the evolution of the self from the other side instead of having to undertake research
There is now a series which can bind diverse and broad thinking. It arises when the psychoneuroses (not only the transference neurosis) are sorted according to time and the point
The series would then be:
Anxiety - Conversion Hysteria - Neurosis Obsessive - Early Dementia - Paranoia - Mania, Melancholia.
fixing provisions for these conditions seem to be also in a series in reverse order (obviously) 8 especially when considering the provision libidinal. Therefore, the later the Neurosis comes into play, the more the need for
narcissistic
But back to previous stages to meet the object. Early Dementia regredient makes a move to auto-eroticism, the Paranoia to narcissistic homosexual object choice, Blues narcissistic identification depends on the accounts on the subject. The differences are in the fact that dementia undoubtedly comes into play before the Paranoia much his willingness to retract behind libidinal and Melancholy Mania "does not allow safe temporary classification. So no one can argue that and temporal order of the psychoneuroses
accounting is also known that the time of hysteria or obsessional neurosis can develop into dementia, never the reverse. However, phylogenetic another series can be formulated, which is really the same time course of Neurosis. Only this can only gain momentum and agree to establish more of a mid scenario.
Dr. Wittels was the first to propose the idea that the human animal living in an extremely rich in all their needs were covered, half that remains reflected in the original myth of paradise. It is likely that there the periodicity of the libido has been exceeded, which in mammals is still attached.
Ferenczi, already at work rich in thoughts above, exhibited the idea that the further development of primitive man came under the influence of geological targets on earth, and especially the need for ice ages stimulated cultural development. It is generally accepted that the human species existed in the ice age and has experienced the influence during that period.
Taking the idea of \u200b\u200bFerennczi, we are very near the temptation to recognize in the 3 provisions of anxiety hysteria, conversion hysteria and obsessional regressions, the phases which recognizes that once all of humanity must have traveled from beginning to end of ice ages and then all men were then as they are today only a part to the strength of the hereditary predispositions and the new acquisition.
course, these pictures can not fully ensure, as neurosis involves more than the regression in itself brings. She is also the expression of resistance against this regression and a compromise between the archaic and the demands of obsessional neurosis. More than any other, is under the sign of the internal contrasts.
Neurosis then required, while the repression has succeeded in it, play an archaic box. With our first formulation presupposes that humanity, under the influence of the shortcomings imposed by the abrupt ice age, it became generally prone to anxiety. The hitherto essentially friendly outside world that gave any satisfaction, became
everything new all the conditions were ripe for real trouble. Initially, in fact, the sexual libido lost their objects, they are human, though one might think that its very existence threatened, the ego is clear from the burden of maintaining order and libido in the ego becomes what in real trouble object-libido once was. Thus we see that the child distress, as opposed to dissatisfaction, the child becomes object libido in real trouble against the foreign
We had a long discussion as to whether the real anguish is anguish before
Our inclination is to accept the first, to give priority
2) Accounting advancement of hard times should be in men threatened in their existence, the conflict between self-preservation and enjoyment of the play that finds expression in most typical case of hysteria. The food then was not enough to allow growth of the hordes, and the strength of the individual was not enough to keep alive many defenseless. Killing babies probably encountered resistance in love, especially narcissistic mothers.
Thus, restricting reproduction became a social obligation. Perverse satisfactions that do not lead to procreation escaped the ban that promoted some regression to the libidinal phase prior to the primacy of the genitals. The limitation should have affected more severely and quickly to women than to men unconcerned about the consequences of abstaining from sexual intercourse.
This whole situation clearly corresponds to the requirements for conversion hysteria. At the same symptoms that a man still talking when pro is an urgent need imposed a ban on breeding, and therefore had not built the system on the Unconscious Pcs. Therefore, the conversion hysteria also returns prepared, especially women, under the influence of the prohibitions they want to rule out genital function, while exciting strong push early impressions genital action.
The subsequent evolution is easy to build .......
3) further development is easy to construct. Corresponded specifically to men. Having learned to save the libido and sexual activity have declined by regressing to a previous phase of intelligence activity took for him a role.
learned to investigate, to understand a little hostile world, and through inventions, to get a grip on it first. Developed under the sign of energy developed the rudiments of language and (probably) attached great importance to new acquisitions.
Language (was a) magic for him, his thoughts seemed omnipotent, understand the world according to his ego. Is the period of the animistic worldview and his magical technique. As a reward for his strength to secure the lives of so many helpless beings, won the (right to a) feudal control over them, (creating) in his personality the idea first two provisions: that he was untouchable (free to be damaged) and that its availability on women could not be discussed.
Towards the end of this period the species was dispersed in droves were dominated nuclear (on line) father, a brutal man, strong and wise. Perhaps the nature selfish, jealous and unscrupulous as the considerations of the psychology of the people attribute to the parent primitive human horde, did not exist from the start but that would be formed during the glacial period as a result hard to adapt to necessity.
characters of this phase of humanity are those who repeat the obsessional neurosis, (although) a negative part as the neurosis through their reaction formations provides an opposition to the return. The sobreacentuación in thinking, the great energy, force feedback, omnipotence thoughts, are features that remain unchanged.
But against the brutal impulses intended to replace the love life, stands in opposition further developments, which libidinal conflict from ending crippling the vital energy of the individual and can only survive to the impulses that are displaced to small submissions under form of obsession.
Thus, this valuable human trait in cultural development, in return succumb to the demands of love life just as the great type of primitive father, who later returns in the form of divinity succumbed to reality to the family relations he created.
4) So far we would come to meet one of the programs provided by Ferenczi to 'unify the accounting neurotic types of regression stages of human history "perhaps not too daring speculative deviations.
However, we lack any relationship to continue accounting narcissistic neuroses manifest themselves later, if no relief comes in the event that the disposition of these was purchased in a second generation, whose evolution leads to a new phase of human culture.
This second generation begins Accounting those children (boys) that the father does not support primitive jealous. We have included elsewhere (1y1) (Toleman and Taboo) and are expelled when they reach puberty. Another solution is cruel observed in the psychoanalytic experience, ie (the primal father) deprived them of their manhood. (Y) and harmless, could remain in the herd work as assistants.
We represent the effect of castration in that primitive time as an extension of libido and an arrest of individual development. This state seems to repeat (se) (en) early democracy, initially in the form of hebephrenia leads to the abandonment of any object of love, the retreat of all the sublime and the return to auto-eroticism. The young guy behaves as if suffered even self-castration castration real is not uncommon in this condition.
should not be taken into account in shaping the phylogenetic picture, other disease characteristics such as language disorders and delusional episodes, as they relate to attempts to cure the many attempts to retrieve the object which in the box the disease are almost more striking in duration than their own regressive manifestations.
The hypothesis of this treatment for children, accounts for a question to be answered the way where does the successor and replacement of the early fathers if they had emerged from their children this way?.
Alkinson already has taken the lead in pointing out that only the older children to fear the persecution of the father, but the other, lower-thinking schematically, through the mediation of the mother, but in essence due to the aging of the father and their need for help, could escape this fate and become the successor to the father.
This preference for the child was completely suppressed in the subsequent social structures and replaced by the more privileged. Although clearly in the myths and stories that have been preserved.
5) Further processing could only occur when children threatened by castration avoid fleeing the and learning to cope with the struggle for existence allying itself.
This generated feelings and social coexistence may be based on homosexual sexual satisfaction. It is quite possible that you can appreciate the heritage of this phase the long-sought provision to homosexuality.
and social sentiments arising from the sublimation of homosexuality we became a world heritage site and base of any society further. But it is clear that this phase involves a return to the paranoia, or rather, against the return of that (phrase) that the paranoia (shun) argue, without missing the secret alliances and the pursuer who plays a key role. In an attempt
pro defend against homosexuality that is the basis of the fraternal organization, the paranoia has to expel from society to attack and destroy their social sublimation.
6) The integration of Melancholy-mania in this context seems to deal with the difficulty can not be precisely established normal age for the onset of this condition neurotic individual. However, it is safer than it belongs more to the age of maturity to childhood. On the property
alternating depression and elation, it's hard not then send us a similar succession of allegory and mourning that makes up regularly throughout the ceremony. Mourning the death of God, joy in his resurrection.
But, as we intuit through the data of the psychology of peoples religious ritual that repeats itself, now in reverse, the behavior of members of the fraternal clan after killing and had vanquished primal father: his triumph over death and mourning for him, as everyone had revered as a model.
Thus, this major event in the history of mankind that ended the primal horde and replaced by the victorious fraternal organization, would seem to provide a predisposition to particular succession of mind that we recognize as a special narcissistic condition, along with the paraphrenia.
Mourning for the primal father comes from identification with him and we have shown that this identification is provided for the mechanism of melancholia.
We can say that in short, whether the provisions at 3 transference neurosis have been acquired in the struggle against the hardships of the ice age, then the bindings that are in the origin of the narcissistic neurosis arising from harassment exercised by the father, who at the end of the Ice Age, continues against the second generation who had assumed the role.
As the first phase derives fight patriarchal culture, the second is social, but both are derived return fixations that millennia later, become as provision for two groups of neurosis.
So in this sense also the neurosis is a cultural acquisition. If the parallels we have noted that a comparison is more playful and to what extent can solve puzzles unresolved neurosis, clarify what further investigations and new experiences.
The time has come to think of some objections that warn us that we should not overestimate the deductions reached. At first it will be evident that the second set of provisions, the second generation, could be acquired only by men (and boys), while that dementia praecox, paranoia and melancholy are also produced by women.
in primitive times women have lived with even more dissimilar to those of today. Therefore, these provisions have a difficulty which is free the first series, appear to have been acquired under conditions that preclude the inheritance.
Clearly castrated and intimidated the children have no access to reproduction, so it is not transmitted predisposition (dementia praecox). But the mental state of children expelled related (through) homosexuality, can have an influence on generations following, as sterile as lateral branches of the family is extinct until it has triumphed over the father.
But if this triumph is achieved constitutes experience across generations that is not the necessary multiplication to recognize indefinitely. As one might think, not be intimidated by the data of land so dark. At bottom, the difficulty is identical to one filed earlier: as we continue the brutal father of the ice age, who was not immortal, divine image in a post.
arises again the youngest son will become a father. Without him neutered, knows the fate of his older brothers and fears for himself, must tempted to flee as the most fortunate and give them (also) to women.
Thus, the side of the infertile men discarded, is a succession of other men who always carry in his person the destinations male, which can transmit such provisions (hereditary). Remains the essential, for it (the youngest) the need of the times is replaced by coercion from the parent.
The triumph over the father should be raised and fantasy in the course of many generations before it gets done. The spread on women of the provisions created by coercion seem to be a father more serious difficulty.
The fate of the women in those remote times remain veiled by a particularly dark. Could have existed even living conditions that we have not recognized. However, the point that we can overcome the biggest problem is that we must not forget human bisexuality.
Thus, women can receive the dispositions acquired by man and even highlight them itself. With all these arguments is clear that we can not at the bottom nothing more than having stolen our scientific fantasies absurd accusation.
Overall, retain their value as healthy disappointment, if perhaps we aimed to locate the available phylogenetic above everything else.
development is such that constant proportions, perhaps regulated archaic constitutions resume in the new individual and that because of conflict with the demands of reality turn into neurosis.
There is room for new acquisitions and influences that we do not. So we are not the end but the beginning of the phylogenetic understanding of these factors.
Homemade Hair Smoothing Cream
: agalma
Source: www.tuanalista.com/Diccionario-Psicoanalisis/3952/Agalma.htm - 19k - Brightness
phallic object to where it is defined not as desirable end of desire but as a cause of desire. The word "agalma" emerging from the Greek epic poetry, has become one of the most fruitful concepts of Lacanian theorization of desire in the transference. This term was highlighted by Louis Gernet in his article "The notion of valeur in mythique Grèce" (Journal de Psychologie, Oct.-Dec., 1948). Designates a number of valuable furniture and bright objects. Agallein agalma comes from, "decorating" and "honor." Lacan compares it with the roots of agaomai, "admire", and Aglaia, the "bright." In that draft archeology of the concept of value, Louis Gernet shows that are objects agálmata exchange and transmission: the Seven Sages tripod Necklace Eriphyle, Golden Fleece, ring of Polycrates. Its origin, always mysterious-emergence of the sea, meeting and wonder, divine wedding, "makes them emblems of power, but also their loss as long as possible. Beneficial or maleficent magic items, are the attraction of searches and transmissions, whose brilliance forged epic poetry with the language itself. At the beginning of the era of commodities, precious object, performance and value sign denotes the currency to the extent that this is beyond pure rationality of exchanges and transmissions calculable. Agalma, therefore, is input what goes in and through the exchange, and should therefore be desirable to place in nature trade and language. Lacan, the seminar of 1960-61, the disparity in subjective transference, its intended location, its technical excursions, introduces the notion of agalma about the issues raised by the transference love: what is the relation of the subject unconscious with the object of your desire? The object of desire that is not all-encompassing round object, like a sovereign right, whose presence and whose absence fills frustrated in a dual context, the relationship is only conceivable subject from a list of three. When you tell the Symposium of Plato, Lacan shows agalma mobilizes the love of Alcibiades and Socrates: agalma is beautiful and bright that object would be hidden in the grotesque silane which is compared with the philosopher in atopy. However, Socrates refuses to respond to the advances of Alcibiades, not to frustrate or exacerbate their desire, but to show the nature of transference love and designate the true origin agalma: Agathon, the third, however, Lacan not continuing Plato's dialectic that guides the soul from the love of beauty to the highest good. Insists
not what should guide the desire, but at the object which moves: secular status of the object to cause it to speak the desire [cause: cause / speak]. For in this dictionary, the operative nature of the concepts is inseparable from significant games of the tongue where these are made: that happens to cause [cause] and talk. The psychoanalyst who is the in indicating Lacan with the notion of agalma, not so the high priest that "start" on what is good and beautiful, nor is the evaluator of the good or bad objects. "It is not beauty, or asceticism, or identification with God what you want Alcibiades, but this single object, that something he saw in Socrates and what Socrates diverted, because Socrates knows that it does not. But Alcibiades want the same thing. The Agathon looking in, no doubt it is the highest point must be that the subject is abolished in the ghost, its agálmata "(Seminar on the transfer, cap.11). The object agalma is adorned with phallic reflexes, is the object, while passing him a gleam of loss for what to expect other than not going out there, this negative dimension of the phallus (-phi .) In "Subversion of the subject and dialectic of desire," Ecrits, p.. 825, Lacan writes: "Included in the object is the agalma, this priceless treasure that Alcibiades claims contained in the box rustic way to him the figure of Socrates. But note that is affected with the (-). Because he has not seen the tail of Socrates ... Alcibiades the seductive agalma exalts him, the wonder that Socrates had wanted to cede confessing his desire, revealing in the opportunity to all glow the leading division of the subject itself. " Lacan's insistence on the agalma, its decision not to amalgamate by no means the object cause of desire with the ideal of a well, indicate a rigorously ethical position in driving and at the end of the psychoanalytic cure, which can lead to analysand to seize the object that guide and conclude that knowledge. This notion, as it moves away from any idealization, may clarify certain aspects of practice art: the splendor of the work is very close to the subjective division for those who enjoy it, whether artist or amateur, but not imprisoned in the status of illustration of the phantom, on the contrary, the repetition time of the time fugitive enigmatic agalma is shining splendor of the object.
Finally, the focus on the object agalma in the analysis of transference and the resolution of this has helped to clarify certain aspects of the transmission of psychoanalytic practice. In Proposition of October 9, 1967, published in the journal Scilicet, No. 1, Lacan also shows that the operative nature of this notion concept establishes its position. This transmission away from essentializing the subject, it removes subjectively through the analysis of the ghost, while the psychoanalyst, supposed to know, is marked by a DESS for which should be criticized all attempts of normalization and metaphysical foundation of this practice. The theoretical rigor of this passage is not tax, in fact, neither the Convention nor the evidence. "This shift in which the subject is taking security capsizing of the ghost in establishing for each its window on reality, what we perceive is that the capture of desire is none other than a Desser . Desser is revealed in this subject of course inessential to know, where the analyst is devoted to the essence of desire, willing to pay to fall, he and his name, the (...) any significant way, being the desire to be in the know enough to be reborn from there a band made of single edge in entering a single fault, which holds the agalma. " Precisely what such a real gap, with the idea and the experience of "passing" in the Freudian School of Paris attempted to raise the issue of training of psychoanalysts and the transmission of psychoanalysis on conceptual foundations that do not permit the domain [maîtrise] perverse unconscious subject's relationship with the object that causes desire.
Source: www.tuanalista.com/Diccionario-Psicoanalisis/3952/Agalma.htm - 19k - Brightness
phallic object to where it is defined not as desirable end of desire but as a cause of desire. The word "agalma" emerging from the Greek epic poetry, has become one of the most fruitful concepts of Lacanian theorization of desire in the transference. This term was highlighted by Louis Gernet in his article "The notion of valeur in mythique Grèce" (Journal de Psychologie, Oct.-Dec., 1948). Designates a number of valuable furniture and bright objects. Agallein agalma comes from, "decorating" and "honor." Lacan compares it with the roots of agaomai, "admire", and Aglaia, the "bright." In that draft archeology of the concept of value, Louis Gernet shows that are objects agálmata exchange and transmission: the Seven Sages tripod Necklace Eriphyle, Golden Fleece, ring of Polycrates. Its origin, always mysterious-emergence of the sea, meeting and wonder, divine wedding, "makes them emblems of power, but also their loss as long as possible. Beneficial or maleficent magic items, are the attraction of searches and transmissions, whose brilliance forged epic poetry with the language itself. At the beginning of the era of commodities, precious object, performance and value sign denotes the currency to the extent that this is beyond pure rationality of exchanges and transmissions calculable. Agalma, therefore, is input what goes in and through the exchange, and should therefore be desirable to place in nature trade and language. Lacan, the seminar of 1960-61, the disparity in subjective transference, its intended location, its technical excursions, introduces the notion of agalma about the issues raised by the transference love: what is the relation of the subject unconscious with the object of your desire? The object of desire that is not all-encompassing round object, like a sovereign right, whose presence and whose absence fills frustrated in a dual context, the relationship is only conceivable subject from a list of three. When you tell the Symposium of Plato, Lacan shows agalma mobilizes the love of Alcibiades and Socrates: agalma is beautiful and bright that object would be hidden in the grotesque silane which is compared with the philosopher in atopy. However, Socrates refuses to respond to the advances of Alcibiades, not to frustrate or exacerbate their desire, but to show the nature of transference love and designate the true origin agalma: Agathon, the third, however, Lacan not continuing Plato's dialectic that guides the soul from the love of beauty to the highest good. Insists
not what should guide the desire, but at the object which moves: secular status of the object to cause it to speak the desire [cause: cause / speak]. For in this dictionary, the operative nature of the concepts is inseparable from significant games of the tongue where these are made: that happens to cause [cause] and talk. The psychoanalyst who is the in indicating Lacan with the notion of agalma, not so the high priest that "start" on what is good and beautiful, nor is the evaluator of the good or bad objects. "It is not beauty, or asceticism, or identification with God what you want Alcibiades, but this single object, that something he saw in Socrates and what Socrates diverted, because Socrates knows that it does not. But Alcibiades want the same thing. The Agathon looking in, no doubt it is the highest point must be that the subject is abolished in the ghost, its agálmata "(Seminar on the transfer, cap.11). The object agalma is adorned with phallic reflexes, is the object, while passing him a gleam of loss for what to expect other than not going out there, this negative dimension of the phallus (-phi .) In "Subversion of the subject and dialectic of desire," Ecrits, p.. 825, Lacan writes: "Included in the object is the agalma, this priceless treasure that Alcibiades claims contained in the box rustic way to him the figure of Socrates. But note that is affected with the (-). Because he has not seen the tail of Socrates ... Alcibiades the seductive agalma exalts him, the wonder that Socrates had wanted to cede confessing his desire, revealing in the opportunity to all glow the leading division of the subject itself. " Lacan's insistence on the agalma, its decision not to amalgamate by no means the object cause of desire with the ideal of a well, indicate a rigorously ethical position in driving and at the end of the psychoanalytic cure, which can lead to analysand to seize the object that guide and conclude that knowledge. This notion, as it moves away from any idealization, may clarify certain aspects of practice art: the splendor of the work is very close to the subjective division for those who enjoy it, whether artist or amateur, but not imprisoned in the status of illustration of the phantom, on the contrary, the repetition time of the time fugitive enigmatic agalma is shining splendor of the object.
Finally, the focus on the object agalma in the analysis of transference and the resolution of this has helped to clarify certain aspects of the transmission of psychoanalytic practice. In Proposition of October 9, 1967, published in the journal Scilicet, No. 1, Lacan also shows that the operative nature of this notion concept establishes its position. This transmission away from essentializing the subject, it removes subjectively through the analysis of the ghost, while the psychoanalyst, supposed to know, is marked by a DESS for which should be criticized all attempts of normalization and metaphysical foundation of this practice. The theoretical rigor of this passage is not tax, in fact, neither the Convention nor the evidence. "This shift in which the subject is taking security capsizing of the ghost in establishing for each its window on reality, what we perceive is that the capture of desire is none other than a Desser . Desser is revealed in this subject of course inessential to know, where the analyst is devoted to the essence of desire, willing to pay to fall, he and his name, the (...) any significant way, being the desire to be in the know enough to be reborn from there a band made of single edge in entering a single fault, which holds the agalma. " Precisely what such a real gap, with the idea and the experience of "passing" in the Freudian School of Paris attempted to raise the issue of training of psychoanalysts and the transmission of psychoanalysis on conceptual foundations that do not permit the domain [maîtrise] perverse unconscious subject's relationship with the object that causes desire.
Thursday, December 18, 2008
How To Solve Level 80 On Collapse
:: "I" exists outside of time?
English translation: Luisa M. Matallana
Author: Agnès SOFIYANA, Luisa Margarita Laverde Matallana, professeur de mathématiques
didacticienne
Author: Agnès SOFIYANA, Luisa Margarita Laverde Matallana, psychanalystes (Bogota, Colombia)
Web Sites: Associations Abréactions Psychanalyse-Paris.com - 11 rue Fénelon - 75010 Paris / Tel: 01 45 08 41 10 Psychoanalysis - Mathematics - Translation
Online Publication Date: Tuesday December 16, 2008
"" I "1 exists outside of time?
"Compared to these considerations about time," Could this be the time to ask in which one (s) time (s) applies the Cartesian cogito? "I think, therefore I am 'does that mean' I think 'and' I am 'exist in the same" now "? "Or," I think "and" I Am "come in two" nows "different from each other? Or even 'I think' and 'I am' exist in two different reference? In the latter case, we would then be impossible to obtain any knowledge about their simultaneity "
been last seen, how the ghost could be regarded as axiomatic, patterns of truth in the universe of discourse, as a word that would give itself a promise.
'axioms, as the foundation of the writing rules of the universe of discourse, then, are the promises to himself, as types of ghosts founders or instranscriptibles unmentionable in the current word. "I had said. Do
promises? According to our friend Robert4, it can be a commitment, an obligation to do or say, a hope, a word, as they say. What happen if, after this word, it will evaporate over time, leaving an indelible trace in the order of that motivates us? What would, then, if the whole edifice of our person had a foundation forgotten and lost? Forgotten, indeed, by the effect of repression, but not irretrievably lost! This is what my personal reading of Lacan in LdF5 has led me to tell you the last time. The axiom is not totally lost, as it is, the way the ghost, built by feedback, from the dynamics of the significant and logical rules governing the speech, not constrain those who ignore that mathematical logic has been the beginning a tool for linguistic and semantic then become an instrument purely mathematical structure.
Lacan tells us the lesson of December 7, 1966 (LDF), "the foundation of logic is not to take it elsewhere in the articulation of language in the signifying chain. "
recall the origins of logic: logos, is to begin in ancient Greece, the word. For the Presocratics, logos is the Word revealed to man, and the sophists, the logos is the instrument of the speaker, more próximp the rhetorical reasoning, where Zeno of Elea (490-430 BC) was inspired to found the dialectic ( understood techne 6, art of debate.)
The logos then has an origin linked to the discourse. It is with Socrates and PLATON logos that will become the road to reality intelligible and rational World of Ideas, where abstract mathematical thinking will be the pattern, and opposed to the sensible reality. "For Plato, every mathematical question has an answer, possibly unknown, affirmative or negative. It is thought that the origin of bivalent logic and the principle of excluded middle. [1]
Therefore, the thought and the speech he argues are at the origin of logic. Sure, the story does not stop there, since Aristotle, tutor of Alexander the Great, write the Organon (instrument), all works logic in which Aristotle opens the use of symbols, becoming thereby the founder, early, formal logic. He also defined the axiom, the principle of non-contradiction, the universal and existential sentences, affirmative and negative propositions, the rules of denial, the syllogism, the absurd reasoning, reasoning by induction. In short, almost everything that will be picked up and symbolically formalized by logicians of the late 19.
With the Stoics, the logic becomes a precision instrument in the trials, the dialectic, reasoning, definitions, concepts, notions, the logotropos, etc ... You can
then finding simply logic, be it mathematics, Aristotelian or Stoic, is an instrument that is in the articulation of signifiers in the universe of discourse, both in the literary discourses - Our favorite lawyer can testify.
Articulation of significant involvement ...
entoces Lacan agrees to follow an introduction to mathematical logic, where he is going to show that it is appropriate to reveal certain processes misleading. Lacan
first considers the relationship of involvement. It has been hinted last time with the classic symbolism and the famous example of William of OCCAM [2], leading to more structural relationship of inclusion. It is also what is called the Stoics, the "modus ponens" generic name hipotéticocategóricos syllogism: "If A then B, or A, then B". It Chrysippus (c. 281-208 BC) who first called this syllogism involvement. Lacan takes
then, the lesson of December 7, 1966, the example of time between the protasis understood (first time) and apodosis (second half) of the Stoic implication, in which he analyzes the value of truth. He says: "To return that first step concerning the involvement, it is necessary to see emerge that joint between the truth and the letter, namely that which can be written and why it can not be. [...] The only limit placed on the functioning of modern logic an alphabet in a certain system, the only limit being that of the word, and initial axiomatic. "
retrieved from the beginning: the implication is scored" P implies Q "where P and Q are two propositions either. The truth value of this involvement depends on the truth values \u200b\u200bassigned to propositions P and Q (initial axiomatic value): If P and Q are true, then "P implies Q 'is true, ie "True implies True 'is invalid. If P is false and Q is true, then P implies Q is true, ie "False implies True 'is invalid. If P and Q are false, then "P implies Q 'is true, ie" false implies false "is valid. If P is vedadera and Q is false, then "P implies Q 'is false, ie" True False means "is not valid.
There are then certain implications that can be written and others not. Lacan asks, "what do you mean 'can not'? There is a sense of the word given the initial injunction. But what is it that can be written? The problem of denial is presumed level of writing as a logical operation rule. "Attention, denial is not a contradiction! The unconscious knows no contradiction, but it integrates nicely into denial, which is next to the ban, you can understand "international jurisdiction" between what people say. What is that that is said between what people say? What is that which is spoken in the utterance, the statement does not say? DENIAL.
Denying the involvement is well represented, as if it is hidden: "P implies Q" is equivalent to "not Q implies not P", that is - called the counterparty.
the end of the Lesson 7 December 1966, finally introduces Lacan the Cartesian cogito, while involvement, "I think, therefore I am ', ie' I think means I am." Why, if we consider the logical counterpart, equals: "I do not think, therefore I do not think." Lacan
then asks: "Can we get used to the idea that when we speak of non-being, this is the thing that would be the outline of the bubble be? Does the non-being, is all the space on the outside? Is it possible to suggest that is what we mean, this non-being that I would rather headline: "The place where I am '?
Indeed, denial regarded as complementary, part of the principle of the excluded: either I am, is I'm not. Undecidability No, no third possibility. As in the times of Heraclitus or Parmenides, Lacan asks the question about the relationship between being and nonbeing. It is considered that Heraclitus 'being and non-being "is, and that for Parmenides' being and non-being" is not. But Heraclitus and Parmenides, based on the principle of excluded middle: there is no third case to consider outside of being and nonbeing. Lacan
then the fundamental question, certainly one that leads to the analysands to lie on the couch of a psychoanalyst: "Once listed in this direction is very clear that the question does not take a step, since enlisting in the opposition as if it were considered cuttable between the self (moi) and the non-self (non-moi) with the only limit to a denial also containing the third excluded, he is always out of bounds, that it is the only important issue, namely if I (je) me (moi). "Doubt Freudian
is then a consequence of the Cartesian cogito: 'I think therefore I am" and "I'm not then I do not think", but what if the word is axiomatic and initial is' I do not think "or" I'm not? "
The problems introduced by Lacan can be returned to enigma of knowledge on the other. In other words, if I do not think, how I can I know whether I am or if I'm not? But I think, is true then I am? Could it be that I think and I'm not at the same time? YES Lacan. Besides, if I am, I can also conclude that I think?
So what happens on the couch? I speak and as speaker, I think I think. And as I think, then, according to the cogito, I am. Thus speaking, I can believe that I am. But is this a certainty or belief? In other words: I'm not thinking that way I am? And if so, am I really? Do think that the fact that I am simply to certify that I am? Maybe I'm not really here that I think ...
But suddenly, I callus. The silence that is imposed on me by a resistance or repression "stops my thinking? Listening to my analyst tells me "think aloud", I continue to think, however, quietly or out loud (?). Two cases are then: I do not think or I do not hear my thoughts, and yet I am ... that's where I do not think. Impossible then any thought to form a verbalize. I thought nothing of wrapping the completeness of my being. I am, but I do not think.
Or actually I think quietly or without voice, but if I must verbalize this thought impossible. So am I really in the process of thinking? And in this suspension of the word, could say that I am not? If my mind can not be deployed more in words, can be because I do not follow (seguir7) plus my thoughts? So where am I, if I am not there where I think?
could reproof that this is not logic but rhetoric. However, Paul 9 I had highlighted a certain afternoon, I do not know what I said, not knowing this, I told him though. So is there some ternary display: I am, I think, I say. Three dimensions links the word and to which she gives a semblance of consistency.
Is there time?
Finally, what Lacan questions here, with this outline of the analysis of the Cartesian cogito, resembles the enigma of knowledge and being, that is, philosophically, the two main philosophical ontology and epistemology. But the fundamental issue is brewing in the Cartesian cogito and what Lacan tries to show, it seems to be the question of the existence of time.
sure, Heidegger, Kant, Husserl, Bergson and many other philosophers placed a stone on the building to [give] an answer to the riddle of time. But what will keep my attention here is how relativistic physics and mathematics ancestral addressed this issue, particularly as Kurt Gödel, logical genius, developed a mathematical theory of time, compatible with relativity, which strangely seems to coincide with what Lacan teaches us about the cogito Cartesian.
Indeed, Gödel was a serious fan of the theory of relativity of Einstein. Both were professors at Princeton University between 1942 and 1955, Einstein's disappearance. During those thirteen years, they made the journeys back and forth between home of the father of relativity and the Princeton campus. What
they said during those long marches? We do not ever know. All I can surmise is that they talked about their jobs, their ideas on cosmogenesis, on ontology and epistemology ... meteorology, women and politics also without doubt.
What remains of these exchanges? Not much, if not an article in a magazine in the special issue was devoted to Einstein and Gödel, entitled "A remark about the Relationship Between relativity theory and idealistic philosophy" (PA Schilpp, 1949). Gödel's ambition in this article was' re-examine the great philosophical quest the reality of time in the light of this that the theory of relativity teaches us on this issue "[3].
is said, the theory of relativity of Einstein, 1905, that spacetime is a four-dimensional mathematical space, which is curved and matter in motion that determines the shape of space-time. It also says that there is nothing that can be called "present state of the universe": "relativity of simultaneity implies that what is" now 10 "relatively to an inertial reference differs from that which is" now "in another reference inertial motion relative to the first "[4]. But then Which is where this theory, the intuitive concept of time? Gödel is interested in building an "experience of thinking that distinguishes the two notions mathematically [5].
In his paper, Gödel constructs, from the equations of general relativity, a model of the universe where the geometry of space-time can not reasonably interpret the temporal component of space-time as an intuitive representation of time. He shows mathematically that, in their model universe possible consistent with the theory of general relativity, you can construct the continuous world lines and closed timelike linking any two events, so that it is possible for him in this universe, time travel - as well as traveling along a continuous line and closed space genre.
This demonstration was a resounding effect among fans of science fiction and other supporters of Jules Verne, but also the fact that Gödel had built a world in which travel is possible in time, simultaneously had shown no Intuitive time!
In other words, "since this is no more real than the past and I lie (lay) on the beach last summer, why identify only the "I" which now trembles in the cold? Am I just in the process of making a mistake? Or are both "self" as moments in time? And if so, do all these "I" are all I (moi), or only parts of me (moi)? [6]
Another way to explain, mathematically, the difference between the existence of both "now" is as reference and time, is to consider that "time of relativity has a" geometry "different from that of spatial dimensions, rather than [time] is a qualitatively different, ie something that "disappears" [7].
Compared to these considerations of time, can this be the time to ask in which one (s) time (s) applies the Cartesian cogito? "I think, therefore I am 'does that mean' I think 'and' I am 'different from each other? Or even "I think" and "I Am" are two references - tions different? In the latter case, we would then be impossible to obtain any knowledge about their simultaneity.
Unless you 'I think' and 'I am' not of the same nature? Given a gender duty to each of these two propositions, would you say 'I am' is a genre space, that 'I am' exists in a while intuitive, fading, and will not tolerate a return trip to the past and that which is finite, and that 'I think' is a timelike, that "I think "There is a time that is but a" now "continuously curved, depending on the particular distribution of matter and its motion, and whereby a time travel possible?
Gödel goes further. "For the Gödel universe is in fact the real universe, but only one possible universe. Can you really deduct the non-existence of time in our universe of their absence in a just world possible? The answer is yes, at least according to Godel. And this is the last step, the subtlest and most elusive, their reasoning, one that leads as possible to the real. [8]
borrowed Plato, that God will stop playing dice, then used by St. Anselm, Descartes and Leibniz, the reasoning is radical, "if a mathematical object is at least possible at all, it is then necessary and real. This is because what necessarily exists can not exist unless it exists in all possible worlds. [9]
Thus, the test is done: time does not exist in the real world or should I say, in reality. "Each observer has its own set of "Now," and each of its various systems of layers can not claim to represent the passage of time target. Relativity is not exist in the same "now"? "Or," I think "and" I Am "come in two" nows "then simply" incomplete "in relation to time intuitive, it is incompatible with the reality of time intuitive. "
Now, an observation: it appears that Einstein and Gödel were interested in identifying while physical time (the" t "that contain the equations) and time philosophy as being the same time intuitive. But is this really well? Time studied and argued by Einstein and Gödel is not the time or the quantum scale astronomical scale? Certainly. But, as Godel has shown us, which is necessary in a world exists in all possible worlds.
Finally, if the 'I am' is mired in an intuitive time, heard, and if the 'I think' is mired in a "now" that exists at every moment, we might suggest that the unconscious has a quantum dimension , in which the laws governing the world of being no longer in progress, and that he should us to observe, to remember that distinguishes quantum physics Newtonian physics, namely the questioning of the fundamental axioms that underlie our apprehension of reality. In other words, since he is subjected to the "now" and at the same time intuitive, since it is dynamic, structured and indeterminate, the unconscious has certain qualities found in the quantum world. He walks in some way, a probabilistic mechanism.
Notes [1] Lanc ELOT Pecquet, informatique cours de logique, 2003
[2] Major Premise: All men are mortal / Minor Premise: Socrates is a man / Conclusion: Socrates is mortal
[3] Palle Yourgrau, Einstein / Gödel, Éditions Dunod, 2005, p, 142
[4] ibid. p.159
See online: Psychoanalysis - Mathematics - Translation
P.-S.
1 Hereafter, "je" translates as "I" and "moi" like me (moi) in order to make the distinction clearer. (N. of T.)
4 Our friend Robert, is a joke between us. One of our major dictionaries of the French "le Robert." Instead of saying "according to the dictionary," he said amused "by our friend Robert." (Ref. - Le Petit Robert - N. of T.)
5 LDF - Seminar: The logic of the ghost 1966-67
6 Techne or techne, extend this concept may consult the following Web address: http://serbal.pntic.mec.es/ cmunoz11/techne.html # five
Translator's Note Je suis
7, first person singular of verbs follow / perguir, and also to be / being (être) and follow / pursue (suivre)
9 Paul PAPAHAGI, psychoanalyst.
10 The French word is maintenant, which translates: now this, today, today.
N. T. About Einstein and Gödel, see also: "Time Bandits" by Jim Holt - What WHERE Einstein and Gödel talking about? http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2005/02/28/050228crat_atlarge
English translation: Luisa M. Matallana
Author: Agnès SOFIYANA, Luisa Margarita Laverde Matallana, professeur de mathématiques
didacticienne
Author: Agnès SOFIYANA, Luisa Margarita Laverde Matallana, psychanalystes (Bogota, Colombia)
Web Sites: Associations Abréactions Psychanalyse-Paris.com - 11 rue Fénelon - 75010 Paris / Tel: 01 45 08 41 10 Psychoanalysis - Mathematics - Translation
Online Publication Date: Tuesday December 16, 2008
"" I "1 exists outside of time?
"Compared to these considerations about time," Could this be the time to ask in which one (s) time (s) applies the Cartesian cogito? "I think, therefore I am 'does that mean' I think 'and' I am 'exist in the same" now "? "Or," I think "and" I Am "come in two" nows "different from each other? Or even 'I think' and 'I am' exist in two different reference? In the latter case, we would then be impossible to obtain any knowledge about their simultaneity "
been last seen, how the ghost could be regarded as axiomatic, patterns of truth in the universe of discourse, as a word that would give itself a promise.
'axioms, as the foundation of the writing rules of the universe of discourse, then, are the promises to himself, as types of ghosts founders or instranscriptibles unmentionable in the current word. "I had said. Do
promises? According to our friend Robert4, it can be a commitment, an obligation to do or say, a hope, a word, as they say. What happen if, after this word, it will evaporate over time, leaving an indelible trace in the order of that motivates us? What would, then, if the whole edifice of our person had a foundation forgotten and lost? Forgotten, indeed, by the effect of repression, but not irretrievably lost! This is what my personal reading of Lacan in LdF5 has led me to tell you the last time. The axiom is not totally lost, as it is, the way the ghost, built by feedback, from the dynamics of the significant and logical rules governing the speech, not constrain those who ignore that mathematical logic has been the beginning a tool for linguistic and semantic then become an instrument purely mathematical structure.
Lacan tells us the lesson of December 7, 1966 (LDF), "the foundation of logic is not to take it elsewhere in the articulation of language in the signifying chain. "
recall the origins of logic: logos, is to begin in ancient Greece, the word. For the Presocratics, logos is the Word revealed to man, and the sophists, the logos is the instrument of the speaker, more próximp the rhetorical reasoning, where Zeno of Elea (490-430 BC) was inspired to found the dialectic ( understood techne 6, art of debate.)
The logos then has an origin linked to the discourse. It is with Socrates and PLATON logos that will become the road to reality intelligible and rational World of Ideas, where abstract mathematical thinking will be the pattern, and opposed to the sensible reality. "For Plato, every mathematical question has an answer, possibly unknown, affirmative or negative. It is thought that the origin of bivalent logic and the principle of excluded middle. [1]
Therefore, the thought and the speech he argues are at the origin of logic. Sure, the story does not stop there, since Aristotle, tutor of Alexander the Great, write the Organon (instrument), all works logic in which Aristotle opens the use of symbols, becoming thereby the founder, early, formal logic. He also defined the axiom, the principle of non-contradiction, the universal and existential sentences, affirmative and negative propositions, the rules of denial, the syllogism, the absurd reasoning, reasoning by induction. In short, almost everything that will be picked up and symbolically formalized by logicians of the late 19.
With the Stoics, the logic becomes a precision instrument in the trials, the dialectic, reasoning, definitions, concepts, notions, the logotropos, etc ... You can
then finding simply logic, be it mathematics, Aristotelian or Stoic, is an instrument that is in the articulation of signifiers in the universe of discourse, both in the literary discourses - Our favorite lawyer can testify.
Articulation of significant involvement ...
entoces Lacan agrees to follow an introduction to mathematical logic, where he is going to show that it is appropriate to reveal certain processes misleading. Lacan
first considers the relationship of involvement. It has been hinted last time with the classic symbolism and the famous example of William of OCCAM [2], leading to more structural relationship of inclusion. It is also what is called the Stoics, the "modus ponens" generic name hipotéticocategóricos syllogism: "If A then B, or A, then B". It Chrysippus (c. 281-208 BC) who first called this syllogism involvement. Lacan takes
then, the lesson of December 7, 1966, the example of time between the protasis understood (first time) and apodosis (second half) of the Stoic implication, in which he analyzes the value of truth. He says: "To return that first step concerning the involvement, it is necessary to see emerge that joint between the truth and the letter, namely that which can be written and why it can not be. [...] The only limit placed on the functioning of modern logic an alphabet in a certain system, the only limit being that of the word, and initial axiomatic. "
retrieved from the beginning: the implication is scored" P implies Q "where P and Q are two propositions either. The truth value of this involvement depends on the truth values \u200b\u200bassigned to propositions P and Q (initial axiomatic value): If P and Q are true, then "P implies Q 'is true, ie "True implies True 'is invalid. If P is false and Q is true, then P implies Q is true, ie "False implies True 'is invalid. If P and Q are false, then "P implies Q 'is true, ie" false implies false "is valid. If P is vedadera and Q is false, then "P implies Q 'is false, ie" True False means "is not valid.
There are then certain implications that can be written and others not. Lacan asks, "what do you mean 'can not'? There is a sense of the word given the initial injunction. But what is it that can be written? The problem of denial is presumed level of writing as a logical operation rule. "Attention, denial is not a contradiction! The unconscious knows no contradiction, but it integrates nicely into denial, which is next to the ban, you can understand "international jurisdiction" between what people say. What is that that is said between what people say? What is that which is spoken in the utterance, the statement does not say? DENIAL.
Denying the involvement is well represented, as if it is hidden: "P implies Q" is equivalent to "not Q implies not P", that is - called the counterparty.
the end of the Lesson 7 December 1966, finally introduces Lacan the Cartesian cogito, while involvement, "I think, therefore I am ', ie' I think means I am." Why, if we consider the logical counterpart, equals: "I do not think, therefore I do not think." Lacan
then asks: "Can we get used to the idea that when we speak of non-being, this is the thing that would be the outline of the bubble be? Does the non-being, is all the space on the outside? Is it possible to suggest that is what we mean, this non-being that I would rather headline: "The place where I am '?
Indeed, denial regarded as complementary, part of the principle of the excluded: either I am, is I'm not. Undecidability No, no third possibility. As in the times of Heraclitus or Parmenides, Lacan asks the question about the relationship between being and nonbeing. It is considered that Heraclitus 'being and non-being "is, and that for Parmenides' being and non-being" is not. But Heraclitus and Parmenides, based on the principle of excluded middle: there is no third case to consider outside of being and nonbeing. Lacan
then the fundamental question, certainly one that leads to the analysands to lie on the couch of a psychoanalyst: "Once listed in this direction is very clear that the question does not take a step, since enlisting in the opposition as if it were considered cuttable between the self (moi) and the non-self (non-moi) with the only limit to a denial also containing the third excluded, he is always out of bounds, that it is the only important issue, namely if I (je) me (moi). "Doubt Freudian
is then a consequence of the Cartesian cogito: 'I think therefore I am" and "I'm not then I do not think", but what if the word is axiomatic and initial is' I do not think "or" I'm not? "
The problems introduced by Lacan can be returned to enigma of knowledge on the other. In other words, if I do not think, how I can I know whether I am or if I'm not? But I think, is true then I am? Could it be that I think and I'm not at the same time? YES Lacan. Besides, if I am, I can also conclude that I think?
So what happens on the couch? I speak and as speaker, I think I think. And as I think, then, according to the cogito, I am. Thus speaking, I can believe that I am. But is this a certainty or belief? In other words: I'm not thinking that way I am? And if so, am I really? Do think that the fact that I am simply to certify that I am? Maybe I'm not really here that I think ...
But suddenly, I callus. The silence that is imposed on me by a resistance or repression "stops my thinking? Listening to my analyst tells me "think aloud", I continue to think, however, quietly or out loud (?). Two cases are then: I do not think or I do not hear my thoughts, and yet I am ... that's where I do not think. Impossible then any thought to form a verbalize. I thought nothing of wrapping the completeness of my being. I am, but I do not think.
Or actually I think quietly or without voice, but if I must verbalize this thought impossible. So am I really in the process of thinking? And in this suspension of the word, could say that I am not? If my mind can not be deployed more in words, can be because I do not follow (seguir7) plus my thoughts? So where am I, if I am not there where I think?
could reproof that this is not logic but rhetoric. However, Paul 9 I had highlighted a certain afternoon, I do not know what I said, not knowing this, I told him though. So is there some ternary display: I am, I think, I say. Three dimensions links the word and to which she gives a semblance of consistency.
Is there time?
Finally, what Lacan questions here, with this outline of the analysis of the Cartesian cogito, resembles the enigma of knowledge and being, that is, philosophically, the two main philosophical ontology and epistemology. But the fundamental issue is brewing in the Cartesian cogito and what Lacan tries to show, it seems to be the question of the existence of time.
sure, Heidegger, Kant, Husserl, Bergson and many other philosophers placed a stone on the building to [give] an answer to the riddle of time. But what will keep my attention here is how relativistic physics and mathematics ancestral addressed this issue, particularly as Kurt Gödel, logical genius, developed a mathematical theory of time, compatible with relativity, which strangely seems to coincide with what Lacan teaches us about the cogito Cartesian.
Indeed, Gödel was a serious fan of the theory of relativity of Einstein. Both were professors at Princeton University between 1942 and 1955, Einstein's disappearance. During those thirteen years, they made the journeys back and forth between home of the father of relativity and the Princeton campus. What
they said during those long marches? We do not ever know. All I can surmise is that they talked about their jobs, their ideas on cosmogenesis, on ontology and epistemology ... meteorology, women and politics also without doubt.
What remains of these exchanges? Not much, if not an article in a magazine in the special issue was devoted to Einstein and Gödel, entitled "A remark about the Relationship Between relativity theory and idealistic philosophy" (PA Schilpp, 1949). Gödel's ambition in this article was' re-examine the great philosophical quest the reality of time in the light of this that the theory of relativity teaches us on this issue "[3].
is said, the theory of relativity of Einstein, 1905, that spacetime is a four-dimensional mathematical space, which is curved and matter in motion that determines the shape of space-time. It also says that there is nothing that can be called "present state of the universe": "relativity of simultaneity implies that what is" now 10 "relatively to an inertial reference differs from that which is" now "in another reference inertial motion relative to the first "[4]. But then Which is where this theory, the intuitive concept of time? Gödel is interested in building an "experience of thinking that distinguishes the two notions mathematically [5].
In his paper, Gödel constructs, from the equations of general relativity, a model of the universe where the geometry of space-time can not reasonably interpret the temporal component of space-time as an intuitive representation of time. He shows mathematically that, in their model universe possible consistent with the theory of general relativity, you can construct the continuous world lines and closed timelike linking any two events, so that it is possible for him in this universe, time travel - as well as traveling along a continuous line and closed space genre.
This demonstration was a resounding effect among fans of science fiction and other supporters of Jules Verne, but also the fact that Gödel had built a world in which travel is possible in time, simultaneously had shown no Intuitive time!
In other words, "since this is no more real than the past and I lie (lay) on the beach last summer, why identify only the "I" which now trembles in the cold? Am I just in the process of making a mistake? Or are both "self" as moments in time? And if so, do all these "I" are all I (moi), or only parts of me (moi)? [6]
Another way to explain, mathematically, the difference between the existence of both "now" is as reference and time, is to consider that "time of relativity has a" geometry "different from that of spatial dimensions, rather than [time] is a qualitatively different, ie something that "disappears" [7].
Compared to these considerations of time, can this be the time to ask in which one (s) time (s) applies the Cartesian cogito? "I think, therefore I am 'does that mean' I think 'and' I am 'different from each other? Or even "I think" and "I Am" are two references - tions different? In the latter case, we would then be impossible to obtain any knowledge about their simultaneity.
Unless you 'I think' and 'I am' not of the same nature? Given a gender duty to each of these two propositions, would you say 'I am' is a genre space, that 'I am' exists in a while intuitive, fading, and will not tolerate a return trip to the past and that which is finite, and that 'I think' is a timelike, that "I think "There is a time that is but a" now "continuously curved, depending on the particular distribution of matter and its motion, and whereby a time travel possible?
Gödel goes further. "For the Gödel universe is in fact the real universe, but only one possible universe. Can you really deduct the non-existence of time in our universe of their absence in a just world possible? The answer is yes, at least according to Godel. And this is the last step, the subtlest and most elusive, their reasoning, one that leads as possible to the real. [8]
borrowed Plato, that God will stop playing dice, then used by St. Anselm, Descartes and Leibniz, the reasoning is radical, "if a mathematical object is at least possible at all, it is then necessary and real. This is because what necessarily exists can not exist unless it exists in all possible worlds. [9]
Thus, the test is done: time does not exist in the real world or should I say, in reality. "Each observer has its own set of "Now," and each of its various systems of layers can not claim to represent the passage of time target. Relativity is not exist in the same "now"? "Or," I think "and" I Am "come in two" nows "then simply" incomplete "in relation to time intuitive, it is incompatible with the reality of time intuitive. "
Now, an observation: it appears that Einstein and Gödel were interested in identifying while physical time (the" t "that contain the equations) and time philosophy as being the same time intuitive. But is this really well? Time studied and argued by Einstein and Gödel is not the time or the quantum scale astronomical scale? Certainly. But, as Godel has shown us, which is necessary in a world exists in all possible worlds.
Finally, if the 'I am' is mired in an intuitive time, heard, and if the 'I think' is mired in a "now" that exists at every moment, we might suggest that the unconscious has a quantum dimension , in which the laws governing the world of being no longer in progress, and that he should us to observe, to remember that distinguishes quantum physics Newtonian physics, namely the questioning of the fundamental axioms that underlie our apprehension of reality. In other words, since he is subjected to the "now" and at the same time intuitive, since it is dynamic, structured and indeterminate, the unconscious has certain qualities found in the quantum world. He walks in some way, a probabilistic mechanism.
Notes [1] Lanc ELOT Pecquet, informatique cours de logique, 2003
[2] Major Premise: All men are mortal / Minor Premise: Socrates is a man / Conclusion: Socrates is mortal
[3] Palle Yourgrau, Einstein / Gödel, Éditions Dunod, 2005, p, 142
[4] ibid. p.159
See online: Psychoanalysis - Mathematics - Translation
P.-S.
1 Hereafter, "je" translates as "I" and "moi" like me (moi) in order to make the distinction clearer. (N. of T.)
4 Our friend Robert, is a joke between us. One of our major dictionaries of the French "le Robert." Instead of saying "according to the dictionary," he said amused "by our friend Robert." (Ref. - Le Petit Robert - N. of T.)
5 LDF - Seminar: The logic of the ghost 1966-67
6 Techne or techne, extend this concept may consult the following Web address: http://serbal.pntic.mec.es/ cmunoz11/techne.html # five
Translator's Note Je suis
7, first person singular of verbs follow / perguir, and also to be / being (être) and follow / pursue (suivre)
9 Paul PAPAHAGI, psychoanalyst.
10 The French word is maintenant, which translates: now this, today, today.
N. T. About Einstein and Gödel, see also: "Time Bandits" by Jim Holt - What WHERE Einstein and Gödel talking about? http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2005/02/28/050228crat_atlarge
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)