Sigmund Freud Source: http://www.cartapsi.org/revista/no1/freud1.htm
German Translation: José Luis González Fernández
Proofreading: Karin Gomez Frode
thank Subjectivity and Culture magazine and those who do (Mario Campuzano, Enrique and Miguel Guinsberg Matrajt), have kindly provided the text for publication in Freud Psychoanalytic
Contents Letter
After making a detailed examination, attempting to summarize characters, marking comparatively each time.
The moments are: repression, substitutive formations and symptoms, contrainvestidura, accounting regarding sexual function, regression, provision. Restrict neurosis three types: anxiety hysteria, conversion hysteria and obsessional neurosis.
a) Repression- Found in three types neurosis on the border of the systems unconscious and preconscious. Consists of the removal or denial of the endowment preconscious, secured by a sort of contrainvestidura. In obsessional neurosis, in most states later, the contrainvestidura moves to the preconscious-conscious border.
Play 6 that the next group enforcement is a different topic, then it also expands the concept of cleavage.
topical point of view should not be overrated in the sense that any relationship between the two systems can be locked 5llegar appreciation for that. It will thus be essential for meditation, among which elements this obstacle introduced. Success and Completion
are interrelated by the fact that the Rep ion failure requires further efforts. The success varies according to the 3 neurosis and each of its individual stages.
The child's success (it produces) in anxiety hysteria corresponding to the failure to establish any kind of representation> representanz < preconsciente y (consciente): Más tarde en lugar de la indecente > intolerable < un sustituto se toma preconsciente y consciente. Finalmente la formación de fobias alcanza su objetivo inhibiendo los afectos displacenteros mediante > a < gran renuncia, intentos de escape.
> The < propósito de la represión es siempre evitar al displacer. El destino de la representación (repraesentanz) es sólo ser señal de proceso. El aparente desmontaje (separación) del proceso de defensa en representación > Vorstellung < y afecto (representación) > repaesentanz < y factor cuantitativo). De aquí se produce precisamente, que la represión en > the wort < denegación de la palabra > < se sostenga, por lo tanto, el carácter tópico de la represión.
In
Vorstellung obsessional neurosis, the success> of repression < es inicialmente completo, pero de ningún modo permanente. Proceso aún menos concluido. Este prosigue luego de una primera fase exitosa a través de dos fases ulteriores. La primera (represión secundaria, formación de la representación obsesiva, > Vorstellungen Vorstellung < lucha entre representaciones obsesivas) > < así como también la histeria de angustia se conforma contabilidad formaciones sustitutivas, más adelante (terciaria) > is < produce una renuncia y limitación correspondiente a las de la fobia, pero a diferencia de ésta, trabaja contabilidad recursos lógicos. Por lo contrario el éxito > < en la histeria de conversión es completo desde un inicio, pero adquirido mediante una formación sustitutiva. Este proceso del singular mecanismo de represión tiende a ser más completo.
repression
Contrainvestidura
In anxiety hysteria> the contrainvestidura < primero está ausente. Pura tentativa de escape y se dirige luego > to < representaciones sustitutivas > Vorstellungen < y se establece especialmente en la tercera fase en un rodeo de las mismas para asegurar desde ahí la liberación del displacer en calidad de vigilancia y atención. Representa la acción del preconsciente, así como del esfuerzo que la neurosis cuesta.
In obsessional neurosis, where from the beginning it is a defense against an ambivalent impulse> is < nos brinda la primera represión exitosa, posteriormente se producen formaciones reactivas gracias a la ambivalencia. Se da entonces en la tercer fase la atención que es característica de la neurosis obsesiva y proporciona el trabajo lógico, así en la fase dos y tres como lo es en la angustia a diferencia de la fase uno en donde la angustia nada produce, en la neurosis obsesiva se produce todo. Ella siempre asegura a la represión una correspondiente acción del preconsciente.
The hysteria
facilitates a more fortunate because the search from the beginning contrainvestiduras a meeting instinctual endowments accounts to link to it on a compromise, which determines the choice of representation> Repraesentanz <.
substitutive formation and symptom formation.
is for the return of the repressed, and the failure of repression. For a given period are differentiated, later run together. Most conjunction
occurs in conversion hysteria: substitute = symptom, just separated. Likewise, in anxiety hysteria, alternative education provides the first return of the repressed.
In obsessional neurosis are clearly different in the fact that the first alternative training comes from the suppression of contrainvestidura and is not considered as a symptom. However, delayed symptoms of obsessional neurosis are essentially> a < retorno de lo reprimido, siendo en ellos menor la acción de la represión.
The formation of symptoms, where part of our study, accounting always match the return of the repressed and accounting produces the help of the regression and the fittings that are available.
A general law states that the regression back to the setting and from there force the return of the repressed.
Sexual Function Value accounting.
For this continues to hold the drive motion before long repressed as a libidinal drive belonging to the sex life, while the repression of the I for several reasons, which can be summarized as I can (because of sobrefuerza) or unwilling . This refers to incompatible accounting ideals of self or other harm feared by the ego. This fundamental aspect is overshadowed by two points: the first, often has the appearance that the crackdown was spurred by the conflict of two motions, both libidinal and is particularly frequent and clear.
This is diluted after the consideration that one of these is ego-syntonic and conflict may request assistance from the resulting suppression of the ego.
The second, between the repressed libidinal aspirations not only find but also aspirations of the self clearly and often in states accounting longest and most advanced developed neuroses. The latter is 1ocaliza so that the repressed instinctual impulse seeks to impose itself on a detour through an aspiration that I paid him an item, it transfers energy and is carried accounts that> the motion < a la represión, lo que puede llegar a ocurrir en forma masiva. Contabilidad esto no se altera la vigencia de aquella frase > general law <.
above requirement is understandable knowledge out of the very early establishment of the neurosis, hysteria and obsessional neurosis, it is obvious that repression directed against the sexual function in its final form, which purports to represent the right to procreation. Again, as clearly seen in conversion hysteria as there are no complications, first obsessional neurosis is a regression. While not exaggerate this relationship, ie, we do not assume that the suppression takes effect right at this stage of the pro libido otherwise obsessional neurosis argues that the repression is a more general process does not depend on the libido, but directed here towards previous levels. As well as the evolution of development is required repression against evil motions in simple series.
Question. Why the crackdown here is successful and not so in other cases? In the nature of the libidinal aspirations no substitution possible, so that the repression of the normal aspirations are strengthened evil and vice versa. On sexual function repression has no relationship that we strive to be the rejection, so it will be in the regression and in some other destination drive.
relationship with sexual function is less clear in the case of anxiety hysteria towards the reasons we saw when we treat the anxiety. It seems that the anxiety hysteria involves a shift since the requirement sexual instinct, seen as too large, it is rejected as dangerous.
not require any consideration of the organization of the libido. Regression
> < El más interesante momento del destino pulsional. D4esde la histeria de angustia no hay ninguna circunstancia que la adivine. Podría decir que aquí no entra en consideración > is declining <, probablemente debido a que en toda histeria de angustia se retrocede claramente a una infantil (la disposición modelo de la neurosis) y ésta última se manifiesta en una época temprana de la vida. Por el contrario, las otras dos > < constituyen un mejor ejemplo para la regresión, aunque en este punto a regresión desempeña un papel diferente para la estructuración de cada una de las neurosis <:>
transference neurosis
In conversion hysteria and regression is a very strong return to the stage without distinction between preconscious and unconscious, that is, without speech or censorship. The regression will however the formation of symptoms and the return of the repressed, instinctual arousal is not supported by the current self, it uses one previous where you will find a different form of rejection. It has been said that this leads to a form of libidinal regression.
In obsessional neurosis is different. Regression is a regression of libido> < no sirve al retorno > of the repressed that proper < sino a la represión, y es facilitada ante una sólida fijación constitutiva o por un desarrollo incompleto. Cabe aquí el primer paso defensivo hacia la regresión, donde se trata más bien de una regresión > < dicha que de una inhibición del desarrollo, y organización libidinal es sometida en adelante a una represión típica, aunque no exitosa. Una parte de la regresión yoica es impuesta al Yo por la libido, o se produce ante el desarrollo incompleto del Yo, relacionado aquí con la fase libidinal (disociación de las ambivalencias).
F) (available)
Hidden behind the repression are fixing problems and disposal. Regression can say in general terms that extend to a form of fixation, whether in the development of the ego or libido, and this point shows the arrangement. This then is the> point < decisivo, el momento en el que se presenta la decisión por la elección de neurosis. Valdrá entonces la pena extenderse en ello.
fixation is performed through
clearer ideas of where and what variations exist in
It is about a more or less and an effective meeting. Since no one is inclined to put into question constitutional moments, it falls to defend psychoanalysis accounts force the rights of the procurement functions of early childhood. In obsessional neurosis the time is otherwise establishing more clearly recognized that the accidental conversion hysteria, it must be admitted. The detailed distribution is still uncertain
Where the constitutional moment fixation is considered, not thereby be taken away it just moves to ancient times. For accounting can also be justly assert that inherited dispositions are acquired remains of the ancestors. Accounting crashes here the problem of phylogenetic available behind the individual or ontogenetic, and no contradiction can be found when the individual at their disposal base inherited from past experience adds new provisions of singular importance.
Why should extinguish the setup process on the basis of an experience produced by the individual whose neurosis is scanned? Or what created this provision for their offspring, not purchase it for yourself? ..
still not possible to determine to what extent the phylogenetic arrangement may contribute to the understanding of neurosis. Moreover, it is also pertinent that consideration extends beyond the narrow field of transference neurosis.
The final major of the transference neurosis could not be assessed in this scenario, since pro usually do not attract attention, and only through contrast accounts the narcissistic neurosis would be relevant. (This character is in compliance the object. Value of the Self in order) 7.
Alongside this broadening of the horizon would advance to the forefront the relationship of I accounting the object and purpose test would be the common hallmark. Here we allow for some preparation.
I hope the reader, in addition to a nuisance in many paragraphs, has also noticed, as everything is built on a very careful and painstaking observation and holding the same indulgence if ever the critical position back to the fantasy by exposing things that are uncertain only because they are inciting and opened his eyes to the remote.
reach is also legitimate to assume that even the Neurosis must provide testimony about the history of psychic evolution of men. I have demonstrated in the article (on the two principles) that can be attributed to man's sexual competences different from other development trends of the self. The essential reason is that the first group could be satisfied auto-erotically, while I rely on trends since the beginning of the object and this therefore accounts of reality.
Broadly we have grasped what the evolution of human sexual life (three trials for sexual theory). It is more difficult to understand the development of the human self, ie self-preservation functions and the training derived from them. I only know the sole intent of Ferenczi, who use psychoanalytic experiences for that purpose. Of course our job easier if we dilucidáramos the history of the evolution of the self from the other side instead of having to undertake research
There is now a series which can bind diverse and broad thinking. It arises when the psychoneuroses (not only the transference neurosis) are sorted according to time and the point
The series would then be:
Anxiety - Conversion Hysteria - Neurosis Obsessive - Early Dementia - Paranoia - Mania, Melancholia.
fixing provisions for these conditions seem to be also in a series in reverse order (obviously) 8 especially when considering the provision libidinal. Therefore, the later the Neurosis comes into play, the more the need for
narcissistic
But back to previous stages to meet the object. Early Dementia regredient makes a move to auto-eroticism, the Paranoia to narcissistic homosexual object choice, Blues narcissistic identification depends on the accounts on the subject. The differences are in the fact that dementia undoubtedly comes into play before the Paranoia much his willingness to retract behind libidinal and Melancholy Mania "does not allow safe temporary classification. So no one can argue that and temporal order of the psychoneuroses
accounting is also known that the time of hysteria or obsessional neurosis can develop into dementia, never the reverse. However, phylogenetic another series can be formulated, which is really the same time course of Neurosis. Only this can only gain momentum and agree to establish more of a mid scenario.
Dr. Wittels was the first to propose the idea that the human animal living in an extremely rich in all their needs were covered, half that remains reflected in the original myth of paradise. It is likely that there the periodicity of the libido has been exceeded, which in mammals is still attached.
Ferenczi, already at work rich in thoughts above, exhibited the idea that the further development of primitive man came under the influence of geological targets on earth, and especially the need for ice ages stimulated cultural development. It is generally accepted that the human species existed in the ice age and has experienced the influence during that period.
Taking the idea of \u200b\u200bFerennczi, we are very near the temptation to recognize in the 3 provisions of anxiety hysteria, conversion hysteria and obsessional regressions, the phases which recognizes that once all of humanity must have traveled from beginning to end of ice ages and then all men were then as they are today only a part to the strength of the hereditary predispositions and the new acquisition.
course, these pictures can not fully ensure, as neurosis involves more than the regression in itself brings. She is also the expression of resistance against this regression and a compromise between the archaic and the demands of obsessional neurosis. More than any other, is under the sign of the internal contrasts.
Neurosis then required, while the repression has succeeded in it, play an archaic box. With our first formulation presupposes that humanity, under the influence of the shortcomings imposed by the abrupt ice age, it became generally prone to anxiety. The hitherto essentially friendly outside world that gave any satisfaction, became
everything new all the conditions were ripe for real trouble. Initially, in fact, the sexual libido lost their objects, they are human, though one might think that its very existence threatened, the ego is clear from the burden of maintaining order and libido in the ego becomes what in real trouble object-libido once was. Thus we see that the child distress, as opposed to dissatisfaction, the child becomes object libido in real trouble against the foreign
We had a long discussion as to whether the real anguish is anguish before
Our inclination is to accept the first, to give priority
2) Accounting advancement of hard times should be in men threatened in their existence, the conflict between self-preservation and enjoyment of the play that finds expression in most typical case of hysteria. The food then was not enough to allow growth of the hordes, and the strength of the individual was not enough to keep alive many defenseless. Killing babies probably encountered resistance in love, especially narcissistic mothers.
Thus, restricting reproduction became a social obligation. Perverse satisfactions that do not lead to procreation escaped the ban that promoted some regression to the libidinal phase prior to the primacy of the genitals. The limitation should have affected more severely and quickly to women than to men unconcerned about the consequences of abstaining from sexual intercourse.
This whole situation clearly corresponds to the requirements for conversion hysteria. At the same symptoms that a man still talking when pro is an urgent need imposed a ban on breeding, and therefore had not built the system on the Unconscious Pcs. Therefore, the conversion hysteria also returns prepared, especially women, under the influence of the prohibitions they want to rule out genital function, while exciting strong push early impressions genital action.
The subsequent evolution is easy to build .......
3) further development is easy to construct. Corresponded specifically to men. Having learned to save the libido and sexual activity have declined by regressing to a previous phase of intelligence activity took for him a role.
learned to investigate, to understand a little hostile world, and through inventions, to get a grip on it first. Developed under the sign of energy developed the rudiments of language and (probably) attached great importance to new acquisitions.
Language (was a) magic for him, his thoughts seemed omnipotent, understand the world according to his ego. Is the period of the animistic worldview and his magical technique. As a reward for his strength to secure the lives of so many helpless beings, won the (right to a) feudal control over them, (creating) in his personality the idea first two provisions: that he was untouchable (free to be damaged) and that its availability on women could not be discussed.
Towards the end of this period the species was dispersed in droves were dominated nuclear (on line) father, a brutal man, strong and wise. Perhaps the nature selfish, jealous and unscrupulous as the considerations of the psychology of the people attribute to the parent primitive human horde, did not exist from the start but that would be formed during the glacial period as a result hard to adapt to necessity.
characters of this phase of humanity are those who repeat the obsessional neurosis, (although) a negative part as the neurosis through their reaction formations provides an opposition to the return. The sobreacentuación in thinking, the great energy, force feedback, omnipotence thoughts, are features that remain unchanged.
But against the brutal impulses intended to replace the love life, stands in opposition further developments, which libidinal conflict from ending crippling the vital energy of the individual and can only survive to the impulses that are displaced to small submissions under form of obsession.
Thus, this valuable human trait in cultural development, in return succumb to the demands of love life just as the great type of primitive father, who later returns in the form of divinity succumbed to reality to the family relations he created.
4) So far we would come to meet one of the programs provided by Ferenczi to 'unify the accounting neurotic types of regression stages of human history "perhaps not too daring speculative deviations.
However, we lack any relationship to continue accounting narcissistic neuroses manifest themselves later, if no relief comes in the event that the disposition of these was purchased in a second generation, whose evolution leads to a new phase of human culture.
This second generation begins Accounting those children (boys) that the father does not support primitive jealous. We have included elsewhere (1y1) (Toleman and Taboo) and are expelled when they reach puberty. Another solution is cruel observed in the psychoanalytic experience, ie (the primal father) deprived them of their manhood. (Y) and harmless, could remain in the herd work as assistants.
We represent the effect of castration in that primitive time as an extension of libido and an arrest of individual development. This state seems to repeat (se) (en) early democracy, initially in the form of hebephrenia leads to the abandonment of any object of love, the retreat of all the sublime and the return to auto-eroticism. The young guy behaves as if suffered even self-castration castration real is not uncommon in this condition.
should not be taken into account in shaping the phylogenetic picture, other disease characteristics such as language disorders and delusional episodes, as they relate to attempts to cure the many attempts to retrieve the object which in the box the disease are almost more striking in duration than their own regressive manifestations.
The hypothesis of this treatment for children, accounts for a question to be answered the way where does the successor and replacement of the early fathers if they had emerged from their children this way?.
Alkinson already has taken the lead in pointing out that only the older children to fear the persecution of the father, but the other, lower-thinking schematically, through the mediation of the mother, but in essence due to the aging of the father and their need for help, could escape this fate and become the successor to the father.
This preference for the child was completely suppressed in the subsequent social structures and replaced by the more privileged. Although clearly in the myths and stories that have been preserved.
5) Further processing could only occur when children threatened by castration avoid fleeing the and learning to cope with the struggle for existence allying itself.
This generated feelings and social coexistence may be based on homosexual sexual satisfaction. It is quite possible that you can appreciate the heritage of this phase the long-sought provision to homosexuality.
and social sentiments arising from the sublimation of homosexuality we became a world heritage site and base of any society further. But it is clear that this phase involves a return to the paranoia, or rather, against the return of that (phrase) that the paranoia (shun) argue, without missing the secret alliances and the pursuer who plays a key role. In an attempt
pro defend against homosexuality that is the basis of the fraternal organization, the paranoia has to expel from society to attack and destroy their social sublimation.
6) The integration of Melancholy-mania in this context seems to deal with the difficulty can not be precisely established normal age for the onset of this condition neurotic individual. However, it is safer than it belongs more to the age of maturity to childhood. On the property
alternating depression and elation, it's hard not then send us a similar succession of allegory and mourning that makes up regularly throughout the ceremony. Mourning the death of God, joy in his resurrection.
But, as we intuit through the data of the psychology of peoples religious ritual that repeats itself, now in reverse, the behavior of members of the fraternal clan after killing and had vanquished primal father: his triumph over death and mourning for him, as everyone had revered as a model.
Thus, this major event in the history of mankind that ended the primal horde and replaced by the victorious fraternal organization, would seem to provide a predisposition to particular succession of mind that we recognize as a special narcissistic condition, along with the paraphrenia.
Mourning for the primal father comes from identification with him and we have shown that this identification is provided for the mechanism of melancholia.
We can say that in short, whether the provisions at 3 transference neurosis have been acquired in the struggle against the hardships of the ice age, then the bindings that are in the origin of the narcissistic neurosis arising from harassment exercised by the father, who at the end of the Ice Age, continues against the second generation who had assumed the role.
As the first phase derives fight patriarchal culture, the second is social, but both are derived return fixations that millennia later, become as provision for two groups of neurosis.
So in this sense also the neurosis is a cultural acquisition. If the parallels we have noted that a comparison is more playful and to what extent can solve puzzles unresolved neurosis, clarify what further investigations and new experiences.
The time has come to think of some objections that warn us that we should not overestimate the deductions reached. At first it will be evident that the second set of provisions, the second generation, could be acquired only by men (and boys), while that dementia praecox, paranoia and melancholy are also produced by women.
in primitive times women have lived with even more dissimilar to those of today. Therefore, these provisions have a difficulty which is free the first series, appear to have been acquired under conditions that preclude the inheritance.
Clearly castrated and intimidated the children have no access to reproduction, so it is not transmitted predisposition (dementia praecox). But the mental state of children expelled related (through) homosexuality, can have an influence on generations following, as sterile as lateral branches of the family is extinct until it has triumphed over the father.
But if this triumph is achieved constitutes experience across generations that is not the necessary multiplication to recognize indefinitely. As one might think, not be intimidated by the data of land so dark. At bottom, the difficulty is identical to one filed earlier: as we continue the brutal father of the ice age, who was not immortal, divine image in a post.
arises again the youngest son will become a father. Without him neutered, knows the fate of his older brothers and fears for himself, must tempted to flee as the most fortunate and give them (also) to women.
Thus, the side of the infertile men discarded, is a succession of other men who always carry in his person the destinations male, which can transmit such provisions (hereditary). Remains the essential, for it (the youngest) the need of the times is replaced by coercion from the parent.
The triumph over the father should be raised and fantasy in the course of many generations before it gets done. The spread on women of the provisions created by coercion seem to be a father more serious difficulty.
The fate of the women in those remote times remain veiled by a particularly dark. Could have existed even living conditions that we have not recognized. However, the point that we can overcome the biggest problem is that we must not forget human bisexuality.
Thus, women can receive the dispositions acquired by man and even highlight them itself. With all these arguments is clear that we can not at the bottom nothing more than having stolen our scientific fantasies absurd accusation.
Overall, retain their value as healthy disappointment, if perhaps we aimed to locate the available phylogenetic above everything else.
development is such that constant proportions, perhaps regulated archaic constitutions resume in the new individual and that because of conflict with the demands of reality turn into neurosis.
There is room for new acquisitions and influences that we do not. So we are not the end but the beginning of the phylogenetic understanding of these factors.
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